Links for Digital Musicology
This wiki provides links to substantial open-access projects of use to musicians and musicologists. For curated digital editions, see EVE: Electronic and Virtual Editions. For older projects that are not readily accessible online see ADAM: Archive of Digital Applications in Musicology.
Contents
- 1 Digital Music Reprints
- 1.1 By Composer
- 1.2 Ludwig van Beethovens Werke
- 1.3 Brahms Institute: Digital Archive
- 1.4 Chopin's First Editions Online (CFEO)
- 1.5 Jagiellonian Digital Library: Chopin holdings
- 1.6 University of Chicago: Chopin Early Editions
- 1.7 Online Chopin Variorum Editions (OCVE)
- 1.8 Georg Friedrich Händels Werke]
- 1.9 Franz Liszt Musikalische Werke
- 1.10 Jean-Baptiste Lully Collection (University of North Texas)
- 1.11 Felix Mendelssohn Bartoldys Werke
- 1.12 Neue Mozart Ausgabe Online
- 1.13 Ignaz Pleyel Early Editions
- 1.14 Franz Schuberts Werke
- 1.15 Robert Schumann Werke
- 1.16 Tomás Luis de Victoria
- 1.17 By Collection
- 1.18 Monuments of German Music, Series 1
- 1.19 Monuments of German Music, Series 2 (Bavaria)
- 1.20 Duben Collection Database Search
- 1.21 Eastman School of Music/Sibley Music Library
- 1.22 Gaspari Online (Bologna Conservatory)
- 1.23 Printed Music in the Bavarian State Library
- 1.24 Printed Music in the Prussian State Library
- 1.25 By Publisher
- 1.26 Nicolas Du Chemin: Chansons Nouvelles
- 1.27 Sheet Music Collections and Miscellanies
- 1.28 University of Michigan list of sheet music collections
- 1.29 The Sheet Music Cconsortium: A one-stop shop for cross-collection access
- 1.30 African American Sheet Music
- 1.31 American Sacred Music
- 1.32 American Vernacular Music Manuscripts
- 1.33 Archive of Popular American Music
- 1.34 The Drs. Whitby Music Collection
- 1.35 Historic American Sheet Music HASM (Duke University)
- 1.36 Irish Sheet Music Archives
- 1.37 Lester Levy Sheet Music Collection
- 1.38 Lilly Library Sheet Music Collections
- 1.39 Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music 1870-1885
- 1.40 Netherlands Radio Music Library
- 1.41 Nineteenth-Century American Sheet Music (NcASM)
- 1.42 Nineteenth-Century California Sheet Music
- 1.43 St. Petersburg Score Collection
- 1.44 University of North Carolina (UNC)
- 1.45 University of Toronto Music Faculty Collection
- 1.46 World War I Sheet Music
- 1.47 Yiddish Sheet Music
- 2 Digitized Music Manuscripts
- 2.1 By Composer
- 2.2 Ludwig van Beethoven: Beethoven-Haus, Bonn
- 2.3 Beethoven Autographs Online
- 2.4 Beethovens Werkstatt (Beethoven's Workshop)
- 2.5 Johannes Brahms Institute
- 2.6 Web Archive Anton Bruckner
- 2.7 John Cage Living Archive
- 2.8 The Aaron Copland Collection (Library of Congress)
- 2.9 Materials pertaining to Edvard Grieg
- 2.10 Handel's Messiah and other virtual "page-turners" from the British Library
- 2.11 Handel autographs and other music manuscripts
- 2.12 Michael Haydn Manuscripts
- 2.13 Gustav Mahler Autograph Manuscripts
- 2.14 Felix Mendelssohn Materials (Library of Congress)
- 2.15 Carl Orff Autograph Manuscripts
- 2.16 Max Reger Autograph Manuscripts
- 2.17 Cipriano de Rore: Illuminated Choirbook from the Court of Albrecht V
- 2.18 The Arnold Schönberg Center
- 2.19 Schubert Online
- 2.20 Strauss Online
- 2.21 Richard Strauss: Musical Autographs
- 2.22 Verdi Online
- 2.23 Georg Josef Vogler Music Manuscripts
- 2.24 Richard Wagner: Notebooks, music manuscripts, and correspondence
- 2.25 Robert Ward Papers
- 2.26 Manuscripts of Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
- 2.27 By Collection
- 2.28 Corpus Musicae Ottomanicae (CMO)
- 2.29 Digital Collections in the Berlin State Library
- 2.30 Digitized Manuscripts in the University and Regional Library Darmstadt
- 2.31 Rare Music Manuscripts in the British Library
- 2.32 E-codices: The Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
- 2.33 Early Keyboard Manuscripts at Yale University
- 2.34 Fragmentarium
- 2.35 Gaffurius Codices Online
- 2.36 Handrit: Historical (Music) Manuscripts from Iceland
- 2.37 Integrated Database for Early Music (IDEM)
- 2.38 The Juilliard Manuscript Collection
- 2.39 Music Gifts for the Russian Emperors
- 2.40 Music Manuscripts in the Bavarian State Library
- 2.41 The Moldenhauer Archives (Contemporary Music in Manuscript)
- 2.42 Music Manuscripts in the Marciana National Library (Venice)
- 2.43 Music Manuscripts Online
- 2.44 Nuova Biblioteca Manoscritta (NBM)
- 2.45 ORFEUS: The Post-Tridentine Music of Silence in the Cloister of S. Bento de Castris, Evora
- 2.46 Music Treasures Consortium
- 2.47 POLONA
- 2.48 Saxon State Library (SLUB), Dresden: Royal Private Music Collection
- 2.49 Saxon State Library (SLUB): Court Music in Dresden
- 2.50 Slovenian Digital Library
- 2.51 Spanish Digital Library (Biblioteca Nacional Hispanica)
- 2.52 By Repertory
- 2.53 Cambridge Lute Books
- 2.54 Cantigas Medievais Galego-Portuguesas
- 2.55 Cantus Planus
- 2.56 Musica restaurata
- 2.57 Polish Benedictine Music
- 2.58 Scottish Fiddle Tunes (Collections)
- 2.59 Swedish Musical Heritage
- 3 Repertory- and Genre-Based Digitization Projects
- 3.1 Instrument-specific Collections
- 3.2 The International Harp Archives
- 3.3 Liturgical Music
- 3.4 Global Chant Database: See Search Engines
- 3.5 Brazilian Sacred Music (Mariana Museum of Music)
- 3.6 Liber Usualis
- 3.7 The Sarum Rite
- 3.8 Sequentia
- 3.9 Drama (with music)
- 3.10 Records of Early English Drama (REED Online)
- 3.11 Part-books and Choir Books
- 3.12 Early Music (Anthologies) Online
- 3.13 Bologna Partbooks (secular music)
- 3.14 Chant and Polyphony at the Munich Digitization Center (MDZ)
- 3.15 The Trent Codices (Fifteenth-Century Polyphony)
- 3.16 Tudor Partbooks
- 3.17 Jazz
- 3.18 Jazzomat Research Project
- 3.19 Opera
- 3.20 Early Nineteenth-Century Opera
- 3.21 Opera in Italy, Austria, and Germany (1770-1830)
- 3.22 Other Genres and Traditions
- 3.23 American Vernacular Music Manuscripts (ca. 1730-1910)
- 3.24 Singing upon the Note (Early Music for Vocal Improvisation)
- 3.25 Gospel Music History Archives
- 3.26 Arthur Kleiner Collection of Silent Movie Music
- 3.27 Lute Online Resources Portal (LORP)
- 3.28 Partitura organum
- 3.29 Renaissance Music in Croatia
- 3.30 Silent Film Scores and Arrangements (Library of Congress)
- 3.31 The Spirituals Database
- 3.32 Institutional Histories
- 3.33 Boston Handel and Haydn Society
- 3.34 Boston Symphony Orchestra Archives
- 3.35 New York Philharmonic Leon Levy Digital Library
- 3.36 Performance History
- 3.37 Stockhausen Concerts Database
- 3.38 Bio-bibliographical resources
- 3.39 Sorabji Resource Site
- 4 Databases (structured)
- 4.1 Secular Vocal and Folksong Repertories
- 4.2 Bodleian Library Broadside Ballads Catalogue
- 4.3 Books of Hispanic Polyphony (BHP)
- 4.4 César: French Theatrical Database
- 4.5 Catalogue de la Chanson Française à la Renaissance (Chanson Database)
- 4.6 CLORI: Archive of the Italian Cantata
- 4.7 Deutsches Volksliedarchiv (German Folksong Archive)
- 4.8 Early American Sacred Music
- 4.9 EASMUS: Early American Secular Music and its European Sources
- 4.10 English Broadside Ballad Archive
- 4.11 HUAPALA: Hawaiian Lyrics and Hula Archives
- 4.12 Loire Valley Chanson Sources
- 4.13 Old English Songs
- 4.14 Fondo de Música Tradicional (Traditional Music of Spain)
- 4.15 VolksLiedWerke (Austrian Folksong Database)
- 4.16 Sacred and Liturgical Music
- 4.17 Antiphonale Synopticum
- 4.18 CANTUS Manuscript Database: A Database for Latin Ecclesiastical Chant
- 4.19 Cantus Fractus Database (Projetto Raphael)
- 4.20 Cantus Planus Austria
- 4.21 Cantus Planus Regensburg
- 4.22 Cantus Ultimus
- 4.23 ChantDigger
- 4.24 Comparatio (Chant Comparison)
- 4.25 Corpus Pulcriorem Invenire (CPI-I): Online catalogue of Conductus poetry and musical settings
- 4.26 Differentiae Database
- 4.27 Digital Analysis of Chant Transmission (DACT)
- 4.28 Fontes Cantus Bohemiae
- 4.29 Gregorien
- 4.30 Hungarian Chant Database
- 4.31 Hymn Tune Index
- 4.32 Mass Database (Mainz)
- 4.33 Mass, Office, and Holy Week Music Printed in Italy (1518-1770)
- 4.34 Medieval Music Manuscripts, Austria
- 4.35 Medieval Music Database (MMD)
- 4.36 Motet Database (1475-1600)
- 4.37 Motets printed in France (Motet imprimé en France 1647-1789)
- 4.38 Musica Sacra
- 4.39 Musicat
- 4.40 Plainchant Sources in Poland (Cantus Planus in Polonia)
- 4.41 Portuguese Early Music (PEM) Database
- 4.42 Printed Sacred Music Database
- 4.43 Psalm Database (Psalmendatenbank)
- 4.44 RELICS (Renaissance Liturgical Imprints)
- 4.45 Slovak Early Music Database (Cantus Planus in Slovakia)
- 4.46 Spanish Early Music Manuscripts (Musica Hispanica)
- 4.47 Instrumental Music
- 4.48 The Clarinet Quintet
- 4.49 Classical String Quartets
- 4.50 Hof-Musik (Court Music)
- 4.51 Jazzomat Research Project (Weimar Jazz Database)
- 4.52 Instrument Makers and Collections
- 4.53 Boalch-Mould Online: A research database of harpsichords and clavichords, 1440–1925
- 4.54 Liuteria Bresciana: Brescian Instrument Makers
- 4.55 MINIM-UK
- 4.56 Music Instrument Museums Online (MIMO)
- 4.57 National Music Museum
- 4.58 The Piano in Polish Collections
- 4.59 Polish Folk Instruments
- 4.60 Historical and Liturgical Calendars
- 4.61 Historical Calendars of Europe (HCAL)
- 4.62 Liturgical Calendars
- 4.63 Performers and Musical Personnel
- 4.64 Marian Anderson: Diaries and Notebooks
- 4.65 Musico Napolitano (Neapolitan Musician)
- 4.66 Other Rubrics
- 4.67 British Music Festivals Repertoire (1695-1940)
- 4.68 European Theatre Architecture (EUTA)
- 4.69 Germania Sacra
- 4.70 Medici Archive Project
- 4.71 Reid Concerts
- 4.72 Composer/Theorist Documentation
- 4.73 Bach Digital
- 4.74 Max Bruch Archive
- 4.75 Irving Berlin Collection (Library of Congress)
- 4.76 Arrigo Boito Papers (Archivio Boito Digitale)
- 4.77 Aaron Copland Collection (Library of Congress)
- 4.78 Fux Online
- 4.79 Handel Reference Database
- 4.80 Lassus Manuscript Database
- 4.81 Mozart Correspondence
- 4.82 Mozart Family: Letters and Documents (1755-1879)
- 4.83 In Mozart's Words
- 4.84 Mozart: New Documents
- 4.85 Ricordi Historical Archives: Verdi Correspondence and Memorabilia
- 4.86 Saramusic (Arabic manuscripts and texts on music)
- 4.87 Schenker Documents Online
- 4.88 Franz Schubert Online
- 4.89 Ludwig Senfl Online
- 4.90 Louis Spohr Correspondence
- 4.91 Giuseppe Verdi Correspondence (Braidense Library)
- 4.92 Digitized Manuscripts and Early Printed Music
- 4.93 Danish National Digital Sheet Music Archive
- 4.94 Darmstadt University and State Library Digital Manuscript Collection
- 4.95 Early Music Online
- 4.96 National Library of Scotland
- 4.97 Singakademie Music Archives
- 4.98 Online Thematic Catalogues and Indices
- 4.99 The Bizet Catalogue
- 4.100 Benjamin Britten Thematic Catalogue
- 4.101 Chambonnières: A Thematic Catalogue
- 4.102 Frescobaldi Thematic Catalogue Online
- 4.103 GWV - Graupner-Werke-Verzeichnis (Thematic Catalogue of the Works of Christoph Graupner)
- 4.104 J.P.E. Hartmann Catalogue (Thematic-Bibliographic Catalogue of His Works)
- 4.105 Franz Liszt: Digital Liszt Sources and Works Catalog)
- 4.106 Catalogue of Carl Nielsen's Works
- 4.107 Johann Adolph Scheibe: A Catalogue of his Works
- 4.108 Printed music resources
- 4.109 Prices of Music at Breitkopf & Härtel
- 4.110 Verzeichnis deutscher Musikfrühdrucke / Catalogue of early German printed music
- 4.111 Ethnomusicology
- 4.112 OSMIKON
- 4.113 Philippine Indigenous Instrument Sounds (Katunog)
- 4.114 UNC Middle Eastern Music
- 4.115 Tunisian Recordings (CMAM)
- 4.116 Resources for Chronology
- 4.117 Music Bibliography in the German Democratic Republic
- 4.118 Hofmeister XIX
- 4.119 Libretto Portals
- 4.120 Corago Project
- 4.121 Corniani-Algarotti Libretto Collection
- 4.122 Russian Opera Libretti
- 4.123 Albert Schatz Collection (Library of Congress)
- 4.124 VifaMusik Libretto Portal
- 4.125 Index to Opera and Ballet Sources Online
- 5 Portals and Search Engines for Music
- 6 Music Theory Resources
- 7 Historical Audio and Video (Film)
- 8 Historical Maps
- 9 Newspapers
- 10 Music Magazines
- 11 Large Text Corpora
- 12 Image Resources
- 13 Credits
Digital Music Reprints
Out-of-copyright editions reproduced in their entirety. Grouped by composer, collection (i.e. within a library or a series), publisher and sheet music (subjects variable, usually from one institution).
By Composer
Ludwig van Beethovens Werke
The first collected edition of Beethoven's music was published by Breitkopf & Härtel, in Leipzig, between 1862 and 1888. This set contains 269 titles—symphonies, concertos, chamber music, Lieder, folksong arrangements, and much more.
Brahms Institute: Digital Archive
Website: http://www.brahms-institut.de/web/bihl_digital/archiv_index.html
This website of the Brahms Institute in Lübeck (Germany) currently (2016) contains 42,000 images spreading across autograph manuscripts, early prints, photographs, concert programs, and personal documentation.
Chopin's First Editions Online (CFEO)
Website: http://www.cfeo.org.uk/about/description.html
This composite website, based at Royal Holloway College, London, serves more than 5,500 page images of early editions of Chopin's music. The project is headed by John Rink, with the collaboration of numerous holding institutions including the Bibliiothèque Nationale de France (Paris), the Bodleian Library (Oxford), the British Library (London), the University of Chicago, and the Chopin Institute (Warsaw). The separate listings below also function independently. The aim of the umbrella site is to facilitate close examination of sources in diverse collections and to coordinate early prints of Chopin's music with the Annotated Catalogue of Chopin's First Editions.
Jagiellonian Digital Library: Chopin holdings
Website: http://jbc.bj.uj.edu.pl/dlibra/collectiondescription?dirids=186
Featuring 17 volumes of Chopin's piano music at Jagiellonian Library in Kraków. The sites are under development.
University of Chicago: Chopin Early Editions
Website: http://chopin.lib.uchicago.edu
![](/images/thumb/0/0d/Chopin-Adieu.png/330px-Chopin-Adieu.png)
For an easy-to-consult listing of printed music by Chopin in the University of Chicago library, it is hard to surpass the Chopin Online Chopin Online Catalog. Citations are based on the library's shelfmarks, but since the music is digitized, users will have no difficulty in locating what they seek.
Online Chopin Variorum Editions (OCVE)
Website: http://www.ocve.org.uk/index.html
Not so much a single project as a whole constellation of Chopin-related research projects, John Rink's Chopin Variorum investigates such things as the work concept in Chopin's time and provides an annotated catalogue of first editions. Both are coordinated with The Complete Chopin: A New Critical Edition, printed in London (2004).
Georg Friedrich Händels Werke]
The Handel Gesellschaft edition of the composer's works (105 titles) was published by Breitkopf & Härtel between 1885 and 1902. It contains all but a few of the major works known today, sometimes with variants of arias or choruses that were excluded in later editions. [For earlier sources see "Lully" below.]
Franz Liszt Musikalische Werke
Website: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/ausgaben/uni_ausgabe.html?projekt=1193812455
This collected edition of Franz Liszt's works (35 volumes) was published by Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig. Although the first volume appeared in 1870, the others appeared between 1900 and 1936. Symphonies, symphonic poems, works for piano and orchestra, Liszt's music criticism, and little-known arrangements are included. The picture at the left shows Liszt's residence from 1848 to 1861, while he was director of court music. Today the Liszt Haus serves as a museum.
Jean-Baptiste Lully Collection (University of North Texas)
Website: http://www.library.unt.edu/collections/music/lully
Twenty-six scores of Lully's best-known dramatic settings are preserved in the music collection of the University of North Texas (Denton TX). Together with arrangements and variants of works by Lully in the 182 holdings of the Virtual Rare Book Room a broad basis for study of Lully's milieu is available here. Dates of works in the broader collection extend to late in the nineteenth century. Among holdings that fall outside this description are a 1743 print of Handel's Alexander's Feast, the first printed edition (1767) of Handel's Messiah, the first version of George Grove's 4-volume Dictionary of Music and Musicians, London, 1879–90, and Girolamo Gigli's original libretto (1689) for an opera called La fede ne' tradimenti, which enjoyed many settings in Italy.
Felix Mendelssohn Bartoldys Werke
This collected edition (162 titles) of Mendelssohn's music was issued by Breitkopf & Härtel. String quartets, quintets, chamber music for clarinet and basset horn, piano trios, works for piano and cello, a fantasy on the Irish song "The last rose of summer" (Op. 15) and many other little-known pieces of chamber music can be found here together with more familiar fare.
Neue Mozart Ausgabe Online
Website: http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/nma/start.php?l=4
A fully digitized version of the Neue Mozart Ausgabe has been available online since 2006. Series and volumes follow exactly the Bärenreiter print. All elements of the printed exemplars (table of contents, score, critical report) are present. Letters, documents, and libretti will be added by the Digital Mozart Edition at the Mozarteum, Salzburg, in cooperation with the Packard Humanities Institute. This is the only recent collected edition of the works by a major composer currently offered online.
Ignaz Pleyel Early Editions
Website: http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/pleyel
![](/images/thumb/9/9f/Pleyel_DouzeQuatours-No2-1stViolon-1787-94.jpg/400px-Pleyel_DouzeQuatours-No2-1stViolon-1787-94.jpg)
The late musicologist Rita Benton made an exhaustive study of Pleyel's editions (c. 1800) of the early string quartet literature. In the library named after her, more than 200 early editions and manuscripts give some sense of the scope of Pleyel's career as both a composer and a music publisher in the era of Haydn, Boccherini, and other notable composers of chamber music. In editions of chamber music for strings Pleyel also brought out piano pedagogy books and piano trios.
Franz Schuberts Werke
Website: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/ausgaben/uni_ausgabe.html?projekt=1259652551
The collected works of Franz Schubert, as published by Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig, 1884-1892. 53 volumes, including symphonic and piano works, choral works, theater pieces, piano four-hands arrangements, and song cycles.
Robert Schumann Werke
The works as edited by Clara Schumann and others. This series was published in Leipzig by Breitkoft & Härtrel between 1881 and 1893. The illustration shows the start of "Die Minnesänger" for four male voices, No. 2 from Schumann's Sechs Lieder.
Tomás Luis de Victoria
Website: http://www.tomasluisvictoria.es/en/content/center
The Centro d' Estusios Tomás Luis de Victoria (CEV) is a comprehensive one aimed at promoting greater familiarity with the music of the noted Spanish composer (1548-1611). To this end it offers a catalog and numerous reprints together with notices of events, podcasts, and a biography of the composer. Its website is optimized for mobile access (via smartphones and tablets).
The bibliographical apparatus is very clearly organized, and the CEV's integration of its diverse resources is a model of sensible organization. Since nearly all of Victoria's music is sacred vocal, the liturgical positioning of individual works is indicated. Links to texts, translations, and sources are fully covered. Some modern editions are credited to CPDL and IMSLP (in most cases relying on Pedrell's edition (Thomae Ludovici Victoria Abulensis Opera omnia), Leipzig 1902–13), while others are newly edited. It has links for discussion forums, facsimiles, monographs, and a discograhy.
Victoria entered musical life as a chorister in Ávila Cathedral, received his formal education and early professional experience in Rome, and upon his return to Spain (1577) entered the service of Dowager Empress Maria of Austria (daughter of Charles V, wife of Maximilian II, and mother of two other emperors) in Madrid. A priest, Victoria preferred convent life and declined several invitations to assume a more conspicuous post. His works consist mainly of masses (including parodies), motets (some sorrowful), Magnificats, Lamentations for Holy Week, and other species of liturgical music. Their performance attracted many listeners to the empress's convent.
By Collection
Monuments of German Music, Series 1
This 53-volume anthology of German music of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries greatly increased familiarity with the music of Buxtehude, Telemann, J. Ch. F. Bach, Melchior Franck, Hasse, Scheidt, Stoltzer, and many others.
Monuments of German Music, Series 2 (Bavaria)
The second series of this well-known anthology, focused on Bavaria, emphasizes music associated with the Bavarian courts resident in Munich and (through composers such as Dell'Abaco) in exile in Brussels. Also represented are Stamitz, Haßler, Pachelbel, Pez, Steffani, Toeschi, and others. Published in 36 volumes (1901–1926).
Duben Collection Database Search
Website: http://www2.musik.uu.se/duben/Duben.php
The Düben Collection Database Catalogue is a digitised catalogue presenting meta-data and scanned facsimiles of the Düben Collection, a large and important collection of musical manuscripts and prints from the 17th and early 18th centuries. The compilation of the catalogue was initiated in 1987 and is a collaboration between Uppsala University and the University of Rochester.
Eastman School of Music/Sibley Music Library
Website: https://urresearch.rochester.edu/viewInstitutionalCollection.action?collectionId=63
The constantly growing digital collection of the Sibley School of Music is heterogeneous. It includes printed scores, manuscripts, and books—all of them in the public domain under U.S. copyright law. A large percentage of its holdings (currently 22,500 items) come from 19th- and early 20th-century America. Many items are unique.
Gaspari Online (Bologna Conservatory)
Website: http://www.bibliotecamusica.it/cmbm/tools/pro_dig.asp
The Gaspari Catalogue of holdings in the Bologna Conservatory is a resource well known to students of Italian music. It describes the heterogeneous holdings of what is now formally called the Museo Internazionale e Biblioteca della Musica di Bologna (the International Museum and Music Library of Bologna). Composed of multiple underlying libraries and collections, its holdings range from early liturgical sources to music of the twentieth century, from correspondence to musical instruments from earlier centuries to 4,000+ opera libretti (the Corago Project), most searchable from this start site. Under the same umbrella one can also find c. 400 portraits of musicians, mainly from nineteenth-century lithographs (as with Maria Malibran, shown at the right) and the voluminous eighteenth-century correspondence of Giambattista Martini, also edited in book form by Anne Schnoebelen.
Two collections--Corago (see under Libretti) and Ritratti di Musicisti (Musicians' Portraits: see under Image Banks/Iconoteca)--are listed separately.
Printed Music in the Bavarian State Library
This collection of 3,379 titles includes a large number of works from the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (Krebs, Türk, Danzi, Mendelssohn, and others). It also holds impressive early printed music, including Pierre Attaignant's seminal collection of Trente e six chansons musicales (1530), use of which is restricted to study. Clemens non Papa, Croce, Lassus, Rore, Vecchi, Wert, and Willaert are much in evidence, as are the publications of Pierre Phalèse the Elder.
Printed Music in the Prussian State Library
Among its treasures, the Prussian State Library in Berlin has recently uploaded (2016) 8,445 digital reprints covering a wide array of musical genres. Some obvious categories are music theory (including obscure tutors on harmony and counterpoint), folk music circulating in earlier centuries, musical dictionaries, comic operas, , hymns, psalm settings, spiritual songs, and a vast number of letters by composers. Our illustration shows one from Brahms, writing in Baden, to Clara Schumann, 15 August 1864. The exchange starts in 1855 and continues into the early 1890s. The date range is from the early sixteenth century to the early twentieth.
By Publisher
Nicolas Du Chemin: Chansons Nouvelles
Website: http://ricercar.cesr.univ-tours.fr/3-programmes/EMN/Duchemin/index.htm
Sixteen sets of books published by Parisian printer Nicolas Du Chemin between 1549 and 1568 are reproduced here in a collection that includes facsimiles, modern transcriptions, scholarly commentaries, and tools for research.
Sheet Music Collections and Miscellanies
University of Michigan list of sheet music collections
Website: http://guides.lib.umich.edu/c.php?g=282790&p=1884296
Sheet music denotes single pieces of music that were published prolifically in the US in parallel with the rise of the recording industry. Most items are for piano and voice, but popular songs were often transposed for several ranges. Many large collections survive in university libraries, and among them several are fully digitized. Redundancies in single-title listings are common, but in general each collection represents nearby publishers disproportionately.
The Sheet Music Cconsortium: A one-stop shop for cross-collection access
Website: http://digital2.library.ucla.edu/sheetmusic
This comprehensive search across many collections is made available by UCLA. The aggregate number of listings is truly staggering. Across 53 linked, indexed collections, we found close to 300,000 listings (April 2023). Most listed collections are in the US, but some inclusions come from the United Kingdom and Australia. This large aggregate corpus produces many redundancies, but sometimes the minute differences (or year, place, or cover art) are very informative. A search for Carrie Jacobs-Bond's "Perfect Day" produced almost 9,500 potential matches, with the earliest examples coming from 1910.
African American Sheet Music
Website: http://library.brown.edu/cds/sheetmusic/afam/index.html
The browsing facility for Brown University's online collection (1454 titles) is very easy to use. Some of the material (e.g. "Music Theater, 1865–1910) is also accessible at the Library of Congress "American Memory" website. Some uses are restricted.
American Sacred Music
This collection of digitized hymnals from the Mills College Music Library recalls the college's origins in 1851, on the heels of the California Gold Rush. The dates of the publications extend from 1833 to 1917.
American Vernacular Music Manuscripts
Website: https://archive.org/details/americanmusicmanuscripts
Murfreesboro, TN, the home of what is now called Middle Tennessee University, was a nexus of popular music-making before jazz established itself in Nashville. This collection of manuscript resources (c. 1730–1910) is full of miscellany but also offers documentation not available anywhere else. For most users the archive.org link given above will be more accessible than the university's Center for Popular Music server. To date 333 shelfmarks (many of them collections) have been uploaded. George Allen's "Reels, Clogs, Hornpipes, Jigs" is representative.
Archive of Popular American Music
Website: http://digital.library.ucla.edu/apam
UCLA's stupendous collection of popular music (450,000 items) is searchable by name, title, date, and cover art subject and several other categories of information. Covers only are scanned.
The Drs. Whitby Music Collection
Website: https://archive.org/details/whitbymusic?&sort=-downloads&page=3
This Canadian collection (1,339 items) at the University of Western Ontario (Waterloo) consists mainly of instrumental music from the nineteenth century. Titles in music theory and pedagogy are abundant. Some unusual anthologies including George Bickham's Musical Entertainer (1740), a collection of arias with obbligato flute parts, are found among its eighteenth-century holdings.
Historic American Sheet Music HASM (Duke University)
![](/images/thumb/2/27/AlexRT_Duke.jpg/220px-AlexRT_Duke.jpg)
Website: http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hasm
Duke University's Historic American Sheet Music collection (3,000+ titles) spans the time-period 1850–1920. It includes a song-lyrics index, has tabbed browsing, and provides helpful background on the sheet-music printing industry in the US. HASM is also linked to the Library of Congress's American Memory project. It has particular value for matching references in early film music, ragtime, and piano-rolls, that is for repertories that were known principally by ear. Searchable by subject, instrumentation, and illustrator as well as more usual parameters.
Irish Sheet Music Archives
Website: http://irishsheetmusicarchives.com/About-Us.htm
The Irish Sheet Music Archives website is the home of the online sheet music collections found in the Ward Irish Music Archives located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It enables searching, viewing, and in the majority of cases downloading its more than 5,000 scores of Irish and Irish-American sheet music. Those wishing to locate scores in the public domain (and therefore downloadable) are best off starting here, where the copyright status, instrumentation, and other details are clearly shown. Specialty subsections contain songs by George M. Cohan (1878-1942) and Harry Lauder (1870-1950), bagpipe pieces arranged for piano, and songs from the first world war.
Lester Levy Sheet Music Collection
Website: http://levysheetmusic.mse.jhu.edu
The Lester S. Levy Sheet Music Collection, based at Johns Hopkins University, contains 29,000 pieces (1780–1980). It is rich in popular music from the nineteenth century, particularly surrounding the years of military conflicts—the war of 1812, the Civil War (1861-65), and the First World War (1914–18). The collector wrote several books on specific subjects within the collection.
Lilly Library Sheet Music Collections
Website: http://www.indiana.edu/~liblilly/collections/sheetmusic.shtml
These collections at Indiana University are very large. Collectively they hold more than 275,000 pieces of American sheet music. Available materials can be searched with the In Harmony search page.
Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music 1870-1885
Website: http://www.loc.gov/collection/american-sheet-music-1870-to-1885/about-this-collection
This Library of Congress collection comes from copyright registrations. It is complemented by sheet-music repertories for the years 1820–1860 and the Civil War years that immediately followed.
Netherlands Radio Music Library
Website: http://www.muziekschatten.nl/action/category?id=1&order=composer&letterPage=v
This treasury of the Netherlands Radio Music Library in Hilversum contains nearly 5000 scores of classical, choral, light, and popular music (including manuscripts). Users can download and print PDF files from the Flash window. They are invited to upload their own sound recordings of the music they downloaded. Most "classical" works are by Dutch composers, and some are arrangements of scores originating elsewhere. Popular sheet music is chiefly from the late nineteenth and earlier twentieth centuries. Since the search pages are only in Dutch, a good starting point is the composer index.
Nineteenth-Century American Sheet Music (NcASM)
Website: http://www2.lib.unc.edu/dc/sheetmusic/index.html
This University of North Carolina website holds almost 7500 digitized pieces from 1815 (music from the opera The Devil's Bridge to 1945 (an edition of Chopin's Polonaise Op. 53) as well as letters pertinent to holdings. The online catalogue search offers many options. Holdings include songs with piano accompaniment to duets, trios, and four-part glees.
Nineteenth-Century California Sheet Music
Website: http://people.ischool.berkeley.edu/~mkduggan/neh.html
The original holdings consisted of 2700 pieces published in California between 1852 and 1900. A further collection of 700 pieces was added in 2007. The project is maintained at the University of California, Berkeley. The pieces represent a wide range of Western US and native American traditions. Some sound, video, and MIDI files are also available.
St. Petersburg Score Collection
Website: http://www.jewishmusic-asjm.org/database-the-st-petersburg-score-collection.html
This collection located in St. Petersburg is maintained by the American Society for Jewish Music. Many published titles are in German and Russian. Publication took place in Kiev, New York, and several places between them.
University of North Carolina (UNC)
Website: https://archive.org/details/uncmus?&sort=-downloads&page=2
The UNC collection (3000+ items) represents categories of popular and religious music in use in the South Central US between 1880 and 1920. In addition, excerpts and short scores for operatic material and pedagogical material make up almost half the holdings. Robert Planquette's three-act comic opera Les Cloches de Corneville is currently the most viewed item. Beyond scans, this recourse offers 10 other download formats including epub, Kindle, Daisy (for print-disabled users), and many more.
University of Toronto Music Faculty Collection
Website: https://archive.org/details/facultyofmusic
The University of Toronto Music Faculty digitization project makes available more than 4,500 items reflecting, overall, the distribution of topical interests relating to music in Canada. The collection is evenly divided between sheet music and now-rare books. The pedagogical emphasis is pronounced. One of the most heavily used items is Theodore F. Freylinghuysen's Tonic Sol-Fa Music Reader (1890), published under his pseudonym Seward.
World War I Sheet Music
Website: http://www.loc.gov/collection/world-war-i-sheet-music/about-this-collection
This collection at the Library of Congress contains almost 14,000 items, all of which are fully digitized. The materials include not only conventional prints but also privately published and unpublished (amateur) material.
Yiddish Sheet Music
Website: http://library.brown.edu/cds/sheetmusic/yiddish/about.html
This special collection at Brown University contains roughly 2,000 items. Much of it represents the Yiddish-language musical stage in Russia around around 1900. Holdings include works by Bores Thomashefsky, the grandfather of Michael Tilson Thomas.
Digitized Music Manuscripts
Digitized collections of unpublished materials.
By Composer
Ludwig van Beethoven: Beethoven-Haus, Bonn
Website: http://www.beethoven-haus-bonn.de/sixcms/detail.php?template=startseite_digitales_archiv_de
The digital archive at the Beethoven-Haus, Bonn, contains manuscripts, sketches, letters, pictures, sample sound recordings, and much else. Beethoven lived here, and the physical museum also houses his instrument collection. A recently funded project involving the Beethoven-Haus and the Musikhochschule in Detmold will develop an ambitious "Beethoven Werkstaat" project taking viewers through the development of individual works by way of sketches and editions.
Beethoven Autographs Online
Website: http://www.bu.edu/beethovencenter/beethoven-autographs-online
Boston University's Beethoven Center offers several tools for Beethoven scholars and performers. Among them Beethoven Autographs Online is a one-stop shop for rare materials ranging from fragments, sketches, and cadenzas to complete manuscripts of full scores from libraries and private collections across Europe and North America. Its reference system conflates diverse work-numbering schemes into one easily searchable whole.
Beethovens Werkstatt (Beethoven's Workshop)
Website: http://beethovens-werkstatt.de/demo/index.html
![](/images/thumb/2/29/BW_FedRovelli-BernhardApel.png/350px-BW_FedRovelli-BernhardApel.png)
The ambitious Beethovens Werkstatt project, officially launched in 2014, will between now and 2030 reconstruct (with images and critical notes) the path of development of Beethoven's works from inception to completion. This project is based on the composer's sketch books, which in the digital version are to be carefully annotated with the help of the Music Encoding Initiative [MEI], a markup language for the encoding of musical sources facilitating their citation in critical editions. Bernhard Apel (Beethoven-Haus, Bonn) and Joachim Veit (Musikwissenschaftliches Institut, Detmold/Padlerborn) are the project directors. Johannes Kepper (Edirom project) is centrally involved in the technical development of both Werkstatt and MEI. The link above shows a prototype browser for viewing both manuscript iterations and modern notation for variants in the first movement of Beethoven's C-Minor Piano Sonata Op. 111 in Variants 14–17 (Beethoven-Haus BH 71).
Johannes Brahms Institute
Website: http://www.brahms-institut.de/web/bihl_digital/autographe.html
The Brahms Institute in Lübeck hosts a composite site for autographs, early editions, letters, and other kinds of documentation associated with Brahms. In this last category are such things as concert programs and fragments of music, drawings, and photographs of and by his associates.
See also the Johannes Brahms organization site.
Web Archive Anton Bruckner
Website: http://www.bruckner-online.at
The multi-faceted Anton Brucker web archive at the Austrian Academy of Sciences contains 26,000 images of the composer's autographs and early copies plus 6000 images of early prints. An associated database cites c. 10,000 works and related literature. The project is managed by Robert Klugseder. Online editions prepared with Edirom are in preparation.
John Cage Living Archive
Website: http://exhibitions.nypl.org/johncage/manuscripts
The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, in collaboration with the John Cage Trust and the publisher C. F. Peters, hosts this sampler of Cage's physically diverse manuscripts. At a glance the reader can see the broad diversity of Cage's approaches--arithmetical, schematic, electronic, and aleatoric. A search engine has filters for video, manuscript, and ephemeral material. Video contributions of performances of Cage's music are actively sought via this form.
The Aaron Copland Collection (Library of Congress)
Website: http://www.loc.gov/collection/aaron-copland/about-this-collection
The Aaron Copland Collection, available at the Library of Congress, is an exceedingly rich one that contains every imaginable kind of evidence of the composer's long life (1900–1990)—manuscripts, sketches, typescripts for talks, personal photographs (roughly 5,000 of them), childhood mementos, and letters. Apart from photos, 981 other items can be found here.
Materials pertaining to Edvard Grieg
Website: http://bergenbibliotek.no/digitale-samlinger/grieg/english
Shortly before his death Edvard Grieg (1843-1907) arranged for the donation of all his music, letters, and related materials to the Bergen Public Library. The origins of the digitization project date back to 1993, the 150th anniversary of Grieg's birth. Grieg had a deep interest in recording technologies of his time. Starting in 1903 he made nine recordings of his music (on 78s), player-piano rolls from live-performance (Ludwig Hupfeld's Phonola and Welte-Mignon), and the Aeolian Company. For the last he suggested tempo mappings.
Handel's Messiah and other virtual "page-turners" from the British Library
Websites: See below.
The British Library's Virtual Books website contains a number of important manuscripts, the folios of which can be "turned" by the user. In addition to the autograph score of Handel's Messiah, "Sumer is icumen in", the Old Hall manuscript, the manuscript for Book II of J. S. Bach's Well Tempered Clavier, a Purcell anthem for the coronation (1685) of James II, sketches for Beethoven's Sixth ("Pastoral") Symphony, Elgar's "Enigma" Variations, and Mozart's musical diary (Zweig MS 63) are set up in similar fashion. A listing of other viewable musical works can be found here.
Handel autographs and other music manuscripts
The British Library completed the digitization of 38 Handel autograph manuscripts in 2016. They are accessed through the Library's "catalogs, archives, and manuscripts" website, where the user may limit the date range (slider at the bottom of the form). An author search for "Handel autographs" (currently yielding 168 hits) picks up unrelated miscellany, while a search for Handel alone produces a list of 103 titles. Items listed range from definitive scores of myriad operas, oratorios, cantatas, and other vocal and choral works to miscellaneous pieces (especially arias) collected by John Christopher Smith, Handel's copyist.
Among other composers represented, we find 311 manuscripts associated with the Bach family (52). Searches for other composers yield these figures: Thomas Arne (57), Giovanni Bononcini (58), William Boyce (115), William Byrd (141), Joseph Haydn (239), Orlando de Lassus (48), Benedetto Marcello (52), Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (297), Pierluigi Palestrina (99), Giovanni Paisiello (84), Henry Purcell (233), and Alessandro Scarlatti (84), Franz Schubert (95), and William Walton (374).
The Handel autographs all have live links (2016), while many other listings currently contain catalog information. Holdings responding to composer searches may also yield correspondence, deeds, and other personal papers.
Michael Haydn Manuscripts
Website: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/ausgaben/uni_ausgabe.html?projekt=1384445203
181 comprehensive titles from the Bavarian State Library. The heavy emphasis on liturgical music reflects Haydn's lifetime involvement in church music, mainly in Salzburg and Vienna.
Gustav Mahler Autograph Manuscripts
Website: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/ausgaben/uni_ausgabe.html?projekt=1384445807
30 volumes of autograph manuscripts by Gustav Mahler are housed in the Bavarian State Library (Munich). Offerings include Das Knaben Wunderhorn, sketches for three symphonies, and Mahler's correspondence with Emil Hertzka.
Felix Mendelssohn Materials (Library of Congress)
Website: http://www.loc.gov/collections/felix-mendelssohn
The Library of Congress holds a collection of miscellaneous Mendelssohn memorabilia that includes letters, lithographs, printed, and manuscript music. The illustration here shows a watercolor of the Gewandhaus, Leipzig, by Mendelssohn from the scrapbook of Henriette Grabau, a singer who appeared there when Mendelssohn conducted in 1836. The musical except beneath it comes from the Cherubini's opera Ali Baba. Manuscripts of the Lieder ohne Wörte and the Octet, as well as drawings from his travels in Italy, are among the holdings.
Carl Orff Autograph Manuscripts
Website: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/ausgaben/uni_ausgabe.html?projekt=1384446061&l=de
This collection of manuscript materials (91 titles) documents the musical career of Carl Orff (1895–1982). It includes, Lieder, stage works, modern arrangements of Monteverdi operas, and other materials. Because of continuing copyright restrictions, many items can be consulted only on site in the Bavarian State Library. Nonetheless the detailed listing is valuable in documenting the range of Orff's interests and activities.
Max Reger Autograph Manuscripts
Website: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/ausgaben/uni_ausgabe.html?projekt=1384445879&l=de
The music of Max Reger (1873–1916) occupies a unique place in the keyboard repertory of its time. His organ works are better known than his other music—concertos, Lieder, choral works, and a clarinet quintet. Forty titles are viewable here.
Cipriano de Rore: Illuminated Choirbook from the Court of Albrecht V
Website: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0010/bsb00103729/images/index.html
The brilliant colors and generous proportions of this choirbook, illuminated by Hans Mielich (1516-1573) for the Court of Albrecht V of Bavaria are stunning to behold. It is dated 1559. The books includes portraits of the duke, Duchess Anna, and of the composer. Rore (c. 1515-1565) was mainly active in Italy. He moved to Munich from Ferrara in the summer of 1559, which suggests that the bulk of the motets found here were composed prior to his arrival. Two volumes of his motets had been published in Venice in the 1540s. A further one followed in 1563.
The Arnold Schönberg Center
Website: http://www.schoenberg.at/index.php/en
The Arnold Schönberg Center in Vienna holds a cornucopia of Schönberg memorabilia that extends to film footage of the composer's real-world experiences such as being briefly employed as an auto salesman, his "contacts" list, and personal photographs, provides an online list of works, biographical sources, and information on performing rites. Autograph fair copies, sketches and drafts of Schönberg's compositions; autograph manuscripts and other primary sources for Schönberg’s theoretical writings and literary works; writings on musical pedagogy, as well as lectures and teaching materials; early printed copies of Schönberg’s works, including autograph annotations, performance instructions, and revisions; personal documents; Schönberg’s complete library; programs, reviews, posters; photographs and audiovisual documents all form part of the collection.
Schubert Online
Website: http://www.schubert-online.at
Schubert Online offers combined access to a total of 636 autograph scores, letters, and other documentation on Schubert. Much of the work was facilitated by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund [WWTF or Wiener Wissenschafts-, Forschungs- und Technologiefonds]. Digitized holdings come from Vienna's City Hall [Rathaus], the Austrian National Library, the State Library of Berlin, and the National Library of Norway, with intellectual contributions from the Music and Psychology program in Cologne and the Musicology Institute at the University of Vienna. Full-text search is supported for the letters. Deutsch Numbers are used to identify the manuscripts.
Strauss Online
Website: http://www.digital.wienbibliothek.at/nav/classification/301934
The music of three Johanns (father, son, uncle), one Josef, and one Eduard is represented at this website based at the city library of Vienna. More than 300 works are available here. Almost 200 of them are by Johann Strauss the younger, the waltz king. A few sketches, operettas, marches et al. are included. The minor Strausses composed polkas as well as other short instrumental pieces. Eduard's Theorie der Musik from c. 1845-50 can be downloaded here. An online catalogue of the library's printed works is available here.
Richard Strauss: Musical Autographs
Website: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/ausgaben/uni_ausgabe.html?projekt=1384446235
Among these 84 titles are numerous sketches, fragmentary compositions, and Lieder. The originals are held in the Bavarian State Library.
Verdi Online
Website: http://www.verdi.san.beniculturali.it/verdi/?lang=it
The Verdi Online collaboration hosts diverse materials--libretti, letters, portraits and figurines, bibliography, discography, and large quantites of background information about places and people associated with Giuseppe Verdi.
Georg Josef Vogler Music Manuscripts
Abbe Vogler (1749–1814) left a substantial collection of manuscripts (75 titles) that includes chamber and sacred music, concertos and symphonies, plus several items that relate to his opera Castor et Pollux.
Richard Wagner: Notebooks, music manuscripts, and correspondence
This collection of unpublished materials from the archive of the Bavarian State Opera brings Wagner's goals and working habits into our midst. Under 170 rubrics it documents the composer's movements, collaborators, and evolving ideas about music and role of music in society. They also give a more rounded view of his range of interests than many published accounts.
Robert Ward Papers
Website: https://archives.lib.duke.edu/catalog/wardrobert
Robert Ward was an American composer primarily of operas, instrumental works, and symphonic choral works. He won the 1962 Pulitzer Prize in Music for his opera, The Crucible, which remains his best-known work. His exceptionally long life (1910-2012) enabled him to compose for 95 years! Ward studied at the Eastman School of Music in the 1930s and subsequently taught at Columbia University, North arolina School of the Arts, and Duke University.
Manuscripts of Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
Website: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/ausgaben/uni_ausgabe.html?projekt=1384446335&l=de
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876–1948) followed the path of aspiring students of his time in examining the details of earlier composers' practices. This collection of his manuscripts (175 titles) includes transcriptions of keyboard works by J. S. Bach, sketches of operas, concertos, symphonies, comic operas, a passion, sonatas, string quartets, and other chamber music.
By Collection
Corpus Musicae Ottomanicae (CMO)
Website: https://www.uni-muenster.de/CMO-Edition/cmo/cmo.html
This recently announced project (2020) to digitize and transcribe manuscripts of Middle Eastern Music, named the Corpus Musicae Ottomanicae (CMO), concentrates on musical materials originating in the Middle East in the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. A digital critical edition based on the collection is being prepared under the auspices of the Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies at the Westphalian University in Münster, DE. Detailing of musical performance practices is an intended area of focus. ʿAlī Ufuḳī, sold to the sultan's court in Istanbul as a slave in the seventeenth century, was a rapt student of culture who gathered vast quantities of information about language and customs during his many years at court. He transliterated texts and notated melodies provide offer glimpses of style ad substance that are rare, for in general music was not notated. Custom required the music to be read from right to left.
Digital Collections in the Berlin State Library
Website: http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/suche/?DC=musik
The 7,348 digitized music items at the Berlin State Library website include manuscripts, prints, libretti, poetic texts for Lieder, and much else. Of interest to Beethoven scholars are the composer's conversation books (1820, 1825, 1826). Other offerings include writings by and about https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Wagner Richard Wagner}; music in manuscript by Franz Liszt; letters to Clara Schumann by Johannes Brahms (and many others); prints, manuscript, and letters by Felix Mendelssohn; and copious amounts of eighteenth-century music, some of it in nineteenth-century manuscript copies.
Digitized Manuscripts in the University and Regional Library Darmstadt
Among the 2,909 music manuscripts in the music section of this heterogeneous collection, those of Christoph Graupner play a major role. (See the Graupner entry under Thematic Catalogues.) Most of the items come from the long eighteenth century, when they sustained the life of the court and the city. Other composers of note include Attilio Ariosti, Jo. Chr. Bach, Georg Benda, Jo. Friedrich Fasch, Jo. Gottlied Graun, Jo. David Heinichen, G. Ph. Telemann, Abbé G. J. Vogler, and several nineteenth-century masters.
Rare Music Manuscripts in the British Library
Website: http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/musicmanu
See the Old Hall manuscript, Purcell's coronation anthem for James II, an excerpt from Handel's Messiah, Bach's autograph for Book Two of the Well-Tempered Clavier, Mozart's thematic catalogue of his composition, Beethoven's sketches for the Sixth Symphony ("Pastoral"), and much else. (Music manscripts make up just one part of the holdings viewable at this portal.)
E-codices: The Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland
Website: http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en
In many ways e-codices, the Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland, is an unsurpassed example of maximal access to fundamental but rarely seen sources. Currently serving almost 1,400 parchments and manuscripts, its online existence began in 2007. Its value to musicology owes partly to a tight coupling between early histories of music and the sources on which these accounts were often based. The digital apparatus is very clearly articulated, and it search by many rubrics is possible. Access to color images of the materials long known only from running-text summaries of them enables users to pose new questions of interpretation. Users can construct new juxtapositions and concatenations of source details in relationships that could not previously be explored. An annotation tool enables users to highlight pertinent findings. e-codices is based on like-named software, which holds the distinction of running equally well on mobile and non-mobile platforms. An author list is available here.
Among its many riches to be found are these rare items:
- Writings of Hucbaldus (840–930) from the Benedictine abbey at Einsiedeln.
- The Ars contrapunctus of Philippe de Vitry (1291–1361) from the Benedictine abbey at Einsiedeln.
- Fragment (in Latin) of a writing by Moses Maimonides (1135–1204).
Recent software enhancements and links for the e-codices newsletter are available. A tablet viewer also exists.
Early Keyboard Manuscripts at Yale University
The Beinecke Library at Yale University holds substantial collections of music manuscripts, not all of it digitized to date. Highlights include not only notebooks for members of the Bach family but also chorale settings, manuscripts by Alessandro Scarlatti, seventeenth-century English music for instrumental ensembles, and transcriptions by Ezra Pound. The Orbis catalogue linked includes a wide range of items.
Fragmentarium
Website: https://fragmentarium.ms
Fragmentarium is not so much a single project as a global effort in digital restoration to locate, identify, and, where possible enhance nominally lost fragments of medieval manuscripts. The material is not exclusively musical, but since music was an adjunct to medieval manuscripts, Fragmentarium's availability to music scholars is an important resource. Fragmentarium is based at the Universiuty of Fribourg (CH) and is directed by Christoph Früeler. As of May 2022 it included nearly 3,000 items.
Gaffurius Codices Online
Website: https://www.gaffurius-codices.ch/s/portal/page/home
Franchinus Gaffurius (1451–1522) was a noted music theorist whose compositions, largely associated with his tenure as maestro di cappella at the Milan Cathedral, are little known. The Gaffurius Codices Online is devoted to inventorying the four Libroni containing the sacred vocal music he composed at this time, which coincided with the peak of Milan's Sforza rulers. (Leonardo da Vinci enjoyed a great deal of patronage from the Sforza family.) Gaffurius was a near contemporary of Josquin des Prez. The chief focus of this project is on the motets contained in the four large volumes. The contents will be captured in IIIF images suitable for sophisticated uses in a digital environment. A database containing important metadata will be developed in conjunction with the imaging. A digital critical edition is intended at a later time. the Gaffurius project is being developed by the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis in conjunction with the Swiss National Science Foundation.
Handrit: Historical (Music) Manuscripts from Iceland
Website: http://handrit.is/en/Handrit
This collection from the National and University Library, Reykjavik, contains historical manuscripts from Iceland. To find music, select Browse, Keywords, Arts, Music. Sources range from the 15th through 19th centuries.
Integrated Database for Early Music (IDEM)
Website: http://www.idemdatabase.org/alamire
The Integrated Database for Early Music (IDEM), seated in the Musicology Research Unit (Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven), is an interdisciplinary, multifaceted database of manuscripts and printed books. Under the auspices of the Alamire Foundation, an international center for the study of music in the Low Countries, IDEM focuses on the musical heritage of these countries from the early Middle Ages until 1800.
The IDEM collection of digital images is coordinated with a central database of primary sources. Images are digitized by the Alamire Digital Lab, which provides high-technology photography at its Centre in Leuven, where state-of-the-art equipment allows musical sources to be photographed following strict quality requirements.
The Juilliard Manuscript Collection
Website: http://juilliardmanuscriptcollection.org/composers
![](/images/thumb/5/57/Mahler9-ny.png/600px-Mahler9-ny.png)
Among its 221 music manuscripts posted online, the Juilliard School possesses many unexpected items and substantial coverage of twentieth-century British and American composers (Samuel Barber, Frank Bridge) and many European composers whose music was popular in the US. Other collections represented at Juilliard include the collections of pianist Arthur Rubinstein and the popular composer of musicals Meredith Wilson (1902–1984).
Music Gifts for the Russian Emperors
Website: http://expositions.nlr.ru/MusicalManuscripts/eng/project.php
The National Library of Russia has made available this carefully curated collection of music given to Romanov emperors by visitors from France, Italy, Germany, and elsewhere. Many holdings come from Russia, where Western European music was introduced early in the eighteenth century. Holdings come from the 18th–20th centuries. Some of the music was brought by foreign teachers (e.g., Vincenzo Manfredini) for the royal progeny. Many works were provided with dedications to the emperors. Czech and Austrian music flowed copiously into Moscow at the end of the eighteenth century. A "Festival Song" by Felix Mendelssohn has a particularly interesting history, which is related here. The digitized pieces are linked to a database containing information about the social context and pertinent musical detail. The list of manuscripts (using Cyrillic script) can be found here, while a search engine (Roman script) is here. Drop-down lists contain listing in both Cyrillic and Roman, as appropriate, while the popup keyboard facilitates Cyrillic input. Source descriptions are in Russian.
Music Manuscripts in the Bavarian State Library
This rich collection of 2,697 digitized manuscripts is well endowed with music of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Sample holdings include Alessandro Scarlatti's Missa Clementina, Antonio Caldara's sacred cantata "Gesu Cristo condannato", sacred vocal music by Michael Haydn, Handel's Deidamia, works by Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf, Dallapiccola, stage works by Richard Strauss, manuscripts of Carl Orff, and much other music.
The Moldenhauer Archives (Contemporary Music in Manuscript)
Website: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/moldenhauer/index.html
The Moldenhauer Archives began with the focus of teaching music history through primary sources. Its founder was Hans Moldenhauer (1906-1987) made the collection a memorial after his wife, Rosaleen, and donated it to the Library of Congress and eight other libraries including the Paul Sacher Stiftung (Basel), others in Cambridge MA, Evanston IL, Munich, Vienna, Zurich, and two in the state of Washington with which the Moldenhauers had personal connections--Washington State University and Whitworth College in Spokane. Its 3,500 manuscripts and letters, while representing a history of music and musical notation from ancient to recent times, is particularly valuable for its autographs of the latter. An online guide documents its contents, in many cases with essays on individual holdings.
Music Manuscripts in the Marciana National Library (Venice)
Website: Internet Culturale: Music Manuscripts in the Marciana National Library
![](/images/thumb/8/80/Giasone-Medea_1649_Sc12_Vmn.png/380px-Giasone-Medea_1649_Sc12_Vmn.png)
The Library of St. Mark (or Biblioteca Nazionale "Marciana") in Venice holds acquisitions that have been accumulating since the sixteenth century. Following guidelines widely shared across music libraries in Italy, it has digitized music manuscripts that are most closely tied to Venice's musical history. These include many important sources for seventeenth-century Venetian opera (Francesco Cavalli, Domenico Freschi, Giovanni Legrenzi, Carlo Pallavicino, P.A. and M.A. Ziani (operas can be accessed by act); 66 volumes containing cantatas of the eighteenth century by Benedetto Marcello (471 titles) and his nemesis Antonio Lotti; minuets by Baldassare Galuppi; and all the keyboard sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti (358 titles).
Music Manuscripts Online
Website: http://www.themorgan.org/music
This collection of more than 700 manuscripts at the Morgan Library (New York) comes chiefly from eighteenth- to early twentieth-century composers (including but not limited to J. S. Bach, Beethoven, Brahms, Cherubini, Chopin, Debussy, Fauré, Gershwin, Glinka, Gluck, Handel, Haydn, Herbert, Liszt, Mahler, Massenet, Mendelssohn, Meyerbeer, Mozart, Mussorgsky, Paër, Pergolesi, Puccini, Saint-Saëns, Schubert, Schumann, and Wagner). An integrated browsing tool takes the viewer through music prints and manuscripts. The Library has recently made available its Goode EReader. Readers may now download images of manuscripts not currently under copyright. Searchable composer and manuscript lists facilitate individual searches.
Nuova Biblioteca Manoscritta (NBM)
Website: https://www.nuovabibliotecamanoscritta.it/catalogo.html
The Nuova Biblioteca Manoscritta (New Manuscript Library) is a regional resource for locating (and somertimes viewing) manuscripts from the modern Venetian state. It contains almost 30,000 items, but fewer than 500 of these contain music. Many other regional resources in Italy (e.g., Florence, Lombardy) and national catalogues are listed in online catalog of the Biblioteca Scuola Superiore Normale.
ORFEUS: The Post-Tridentine Music of Silence in the Cloister of S. Bento de Castris, Evora
Website: http://www.orfeus.pt
Thirteen choirbooks from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries in the monastery of S. Bento de Castris, Evora (Portugal), have been digitized by CIDEHUS, the Interdisciplinary Centre for History, Culture, and Societies. Luis Hennriques directs the project. The choirbooks are described individually here.
Music Treasures Consortium
Website: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/html/treasures/treasures-home.html
This aggregation includes both manuscript and out-of-copyright printed sources in more than a dozen institutions in the US, UK, and Germany. The browsing pages links users to the individual collections. The material is highly diverse but comes principally from the nineteenth century.
POLONA
Website: http://polona.pl
Polona presents the digital collections of the National Library of Poland. Digitized manuscripts and printed music are available. Registered website users can save materials to their own collections. Printed music can be found under Biblioteka, then Nuty. Manuscripts can be found under Biblioteka, then Rękopisy; from there, go to the filters and select Gatunek, then rękopisy muzyczne. Filters are available for authors, publishers, languages, form/genres, keywords, and century.
Saxon State Library (SLUB), Dresden: Royal Private Music Collection
This rich collection of the Wettin court, starting from the time of August the Strong and continuing to 1896, when it was donated to the Royal Library, is rich in holdings of sacred vocal music and Italian opera. Today it resides in the Saxon State and University Library (SLUB in the German ordering). The online holdings have been subdivided into these components:
The Opera Archive, which includes libretti, scores, and extracts, is currently being digitized. It overlaps the collaborative project Opera in Italy and Germany (1770-1830). This collection contains roughly 650 operas and opera extracts from the years 1764 to 1900. The private collections of court and church music include 750 manuscripts from the years 1697-1763.
Saxon State Library (SLUB): Court Music in Dresden
Website: http://hofmusik.slub-dresden.de
The current familiar name of this collection, Schrank II, is the name of the cabinet in which this important collection was long stored. It is a rich collection of instrumental music, mainly from the eighteenth century. Much of it is in the hand of Johann Georg Pisendel, an intrepid transcriber and collector of Italian (particularly Venetian) instrumental music. It contains 1,795 listings in 1750 physical manuscripts. By clicking on the highlighted text in the first sentence of the description users can download a spreadsheet with a full listing of holdings, most of which are digitized and are linked to the RISM OPAC.
Slovenian Digital Library
Website: http://www.dlib.si
The Digital Library of Slovenia includes in its Pictures section scans of music (and articles about music) published in Slovenia. Select notno gravido from the left frame on the Pictures tab. Dates of sheet-music publication range from 1862 to 1930, with a strong concentration in the late 1920s. Songbooks, especially from the first decade of the twentieth century, are also numerous.
Spanish Digital Library (Biblioteca Nacional Hispanica)
This heterogeneous collection of digitized materials--26,788 manuscripts and 4,347 printed sources--is impressive in its chronological and cultural range. Contains some eighteenth-century music for strings (Boccherini, Sacchini, et al.) and many sources from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
By Repertory
Cambridge Lute Books
Website: http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-DD-00005-00078-00003/1
This link takes you to the second of four lute books compiled by Mathew Holmes and preserved in the Cambridge University Library. Its companions are the Cosens Lute Book and a volume of fragments of Elizabethan music for lute. Holmes was a singer at Christ Church, Oxford, and at Westminster Abbey. Cosens was a nineteenth-century owner of this collection of sixteenth-century music.
Cantigas Medievais Galego-Portuguesas
Website: http://cantigas.fcsh.unl.pt/manuscritos.asp
This website provides links to collections of manuscripts containing cantigas of Gallic and Portuguese origin. Many are preserved in the Vatican Library. The contents of each source is indexed, with full texts given in many cases. A sample folio is shown for each source. Titles are listed online.
Cantus Planus
Website: https://www.cantusplanus.at/de-at
In distinction to the Cantus Planus project focused on chant indexing (from the 1980s through today, under the auspices of the International Musicological Society), this website, operating under the auspices of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, with a base at the Austrian National Library, provides a sophisticated array of digital tools and repositories for the study of medieval music. The scope of the project embraces six parts:
- Cantus Planus Austria: the primary web platform for the choral music in Austria
- Nationalbibliothek: Medieval music sources in the Austrian National Library
- Fragmente: Fragments of medieval music in the Austrian National Library
- Austriaca: Information on music manuscripts in Austrian libraries
- Text and Music Recognition: automatic recognition, transcription, and text acquisition of textual content in choral sourcces
- Bilddatenbank: an image bank of medieval music manuscripts.
Robert Klugseder directs the project.
Musica restaurata
Website: http://www.vaticanlibrary.va/home.php?pag=in_evidenza_art_00187
Illuminated manuscripts associated with the Low Countries in the Vatican Library can be viewed in high resolution owing to the generous support of the Alamire Foundation (Leuven, Belgium). The contents at the end of 2012 totaled 13,500 images. The image shown here comes from the workshop of Pierre Alamire (c. 1470–1536). Alamire's workshop produced many important manuscripts of the music of Johannes Ockeghem, Josquin des Prez, Adriano Willaert, and Pierre de la Rue. Alamire was a vendor of manuscripts who also used his innocent musical pursuits to conceal his operations as a spy for King Henry VIII. Manuscripts from his workshop can be found in several other European venues including Munich, Vienna, Brussels.
Polish Benedictine Music
Website: http://chrum.studiokropka.pl/st_test
This multifaceted project provides digitized images of sacred and liturgical music from Benedictine convents in the environs of Krakov. The musical sources are primarily from the 16th and 17th centuries. In addition to searchable digitized images, it also contains considerable metadata and many links to related resources as well as analytical information. An English translation is in progress.
Scottish Fiddle Tunes (Collections)
Website: http://hms.scot
More than 200 books of airs, reels, hornpipes, and strathspeys are reproduced at this website at the University of Glascow. Search by title, genre etc is facilitated in an associated databse. Some sources contain period annotations. The bulk are notated on two staves in the manner of keyboard music.
Swedish Musical Heritage
Website: http://www.swedishmusicalheritage.com
The Swedish Musical Heritage website represents an ongoing collaboration to make available all out-of-copyright music by Swedish composers. The alphabetical database of holdings is easily searched. It provides filters for instrumentation, composer's gender, century, and duration of each recording. Materials served include reproductions of scores, recordings of radio broadcasts, biographical information, and other related holdings of several musical institutions. Many Swedes were employed abroad, especially in Germany, and much foreign music found its way to Sweden via Germany.
Repertory- and Genre-Based Digitization Projects
Repertory- and genre-based projects are difficult to classify. They may integrate highly diverse materials into the study of a single subject. Currently listed: digitized sources for chant, part- and choir-books, and opera.
Instrument-specific Collections
The International Harp Archives
Website: https://archive.org/details/byuinternationalharparchive
The International Harp Archives at Brigham Young University contains more than 3,000 items consisting of original works, arrangements, and ensemble music involving the harp. Some titles belong to classical pieces popular a century ago, pedagogical material, music from the British Commonwealth and the United Kingdom, and children's songs.
Liturgical Music
Global Chant Database: See Search Engines
Brazilian Sacred Music (Mariana Museum of Music)
Website: http://www.mmmariana.com.br/site
The multi-faceted website of the Mariana Museum of Music concentrates on three sacred repertories (music for Pentecost, Mass, and Holy Saturday)used in Brazil from colonial times into the twentieth century. Its heterogeneous holdings include printed scores, manuscripts, and recordings. Works are findable by many rubrics in the database section. Some explanatory information is available in Word and PDF formats here. As the online materials explain, much of the sacred music of earlier times has not been preserved because of signal historical events (e.g. the route of the Jesuit order in 1759, the vulgarization of mass texts by the Vatican II Council in the 1960s). A major part of the project involves restoration of poorly preserved materials.
Liber Usualis
Website: http://ddmal.music.mcgill.ca/liber/#p=1
The Liber Usualis is the practical guide to chants for the Christian liturgical year. Although often considered to be ancient, it was first published in its present form in the middle of the nineteenth century. Some further accretions have occurred in recent decades. The Liber contains two cycles for the Christian year: one for the Ordinary (feasts whose liturgical needs are held in common) and one for the Proper of the Saints (feasts that are individualized in their liturgical requirements). Texts (in Latin) and music were widely paraphrased in liturgical music of the Renaissance. This version is searchable.
The Sarum Rite
Website: http://hmcwordpress.mcmaster.ca/renwick/about
This multifaceted website developed by William Renwick under the aegis of the Gregorian Institute of Canada provides both academic and performing editions of texts and music associated with the Sarum Rite. Its contents have been collected from medieval manuscripts and numerous printed books of the 16th and early 17th centuries. (The Rite was replaced by the English Book of Common Prayer under Elizabeth I.) Texts in Latin are available in English translation. Sound files are linked to individual links in the index to each Office. Metadata associated with these materials is available at a separate site at McMaster University.
Sequentia
Website: http://sequentia.huma-num.fr
Sequentia is an online database of ecclesiastic chant during the early modern era (from the beginning of the Counter-Reformation until around 1840–1850). It involves scholars from three French research organizations and is steered by an international group of scholars. Sequentia offers a summary description of liturgical books and a thesaurus of liturgical feasts, but also some details that have not yet been developed in existing databases of liturgical chant. among its long-term aims is the full description of musical pieces contained in the sources, comprising text incipit, possible textual authorship, musical incipit or psalmodic formula, possible melodic authorship, mode and ambitus, possible author of the melody, location within the liturgy (feast, office, rubric), genre, and location within the source.
Drama (with music)
Records of Early English Drama (REED Online)
Website: https://ereed.library.utoronto.ca
REED Online represents the second phase of this venerable (ongoing) series of documents reporting performance-related details of acting (sometimes with music) in England, Wales, and Scotland. The project is based at the University of Toronto. The online version provides many search filters and default word searches operate in OR mode and support searches for multiple words given in parentheses. A clear, concise critical apparatus is provided. Some words pertaining to music have been "translated to modern English from archaic forms.
Part-books and Choir Books
Early Music (Anthologies) Online
These 327 printed anthologies, held in the British Library (London), were originally microfilmed for the RISM AI project. Because of its heavy coverage of sixteenth-century prints (a high proportion of which were anthologies), it contains many real treasures—large numbers of madrigals, much of the early printed music for lute, and numerous prints in which almost all the works are by an important composer (Buus, Croce, Rore, Willaert). Seventy-seven volumes contain chansons. A smattering of treatises, e.g. Girolamo Diruta's Il Transilvano, can also be found here.
Bologna Partbooks (secular music)
The holdings of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica (formerly the Civico Museo Bibliografico Musicale) of Bologna are particularly rich in partbooks of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Among the 339 prints found here (served by the same library but originating in the Dipartimento di Musica e Spettacolo of the University of Bologna) many secular items and some sacred vocal music can be found.
Chant and Polyphony at the Munich Digitization Center (MDZ)
Website: https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/ Munich Digitiztion Center
A number of projects focused on specific kinds of music, chiefly from the later Middle Ages and the Renaissance, have been amalgamated with large quantities of non-musical material under the songle URL given here. Users equipped with specific references will be betterserved than those wishing to browse. Among the once separate projects are these:
- German chant and choir books emphasized south German liturgical resources from the fifteenth century.
- Munich Choir Books (mainly 16th century) was particularly strong in its holdings of music by
Lassus [1] the Bavarian court (Munich), which reached a peak of activity that resulted in the substantial repertory preserved in choir books. The layout of parts in a large-format choir book enables singers to see their parts while standing around the book. The 199 choir books in this digitized collection contain sacred (Isaac, Josquin, Senfl) and secular music as well as fragmentary works and an anonymous Tractatus de musica. Holdings from local monasteries and private collections have been included.
- Printed Sources of Polyphonic Music of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries contains printed (primarily vocal) music in the Bavarian State Library (with ttles in Latin, German, French, Italian, Spanish et al.). Under its earlier identity it contained 1371 publication titles including chansons, madrigals, psalms, masses, motets, hymns, sacred songs, and early instrumental music (sonatas, balletti et al.). Representative items are of foreign origin are Purcell's Orpheus Brittanicus (London, 1698) and Schmelzer's Arie per il balletto a cavallo (a horse ballet given for the wedding of emperor Leopold I and Princess Margherita of Spain, Vienna, 1667).
The Trent Codices (Fifteenth-Century Polyphony)
This important collection of anonymous music of the fifteenth century (Codici musicali Trentini del Quattrocento) is uniform in presentation, with most works employing a choir-book layout. Paper texture is well captured in the digitizations, which are highly consistent graphically. The number of titles is 1863. Few titles are attributed. Those that are come mainly from Guillaume Dufay (105 titles), Gilles Binchois (52), and John Dunstaple (30). The originals are preserved in the Castello di Buonconsiglio, Trent (IT).
Tudor Partbooks
Website: http://www.tudorpartbooks.ac.uk
This collaboration between the Universities of Oxford and Newcastle (funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council) aims to restore and make available online all extant manuscripts of Tudor polyphonic music from c.1510-1590 preserved in partbook format. Its particular focus is on the manuscript copies (and their legacies) of John Sadler (1513-c. 1591/2), John Baldwin (1560-1615), and their predecessors. Researchers from Oxford (Kathryn Butler, Julia Craig-McFeely) and Newcastle (Magnus Williamson, Daisy Gibbs) will rely on contributions from volunteers to help develop the virtual resources. Technical challenges include Tudor reliance on high-acid inks and their detrimental effects on physical preservation of their copies. Digital tools are employed to restore lost elements of the physical sources. A principal [Christ Church Oxford] source of the Baldwin partbooks is described in DIAMM, with further details in the Christ Church overview. Music by William Byrd and Thomas Tallis figure prominently in the holdings. Sample modern editions made from the partbooks are available online.
Jazz
Jazzomat Research Project
Website: https://jazzomat.hfm-weimar.de
The Jazzomat project has aggregated several related projects to its website. The Weimar Jazz Database contains 476 transcriptions from jazz solos in recordings. The representation scheme takes account of many subtleties associated with jazz idioms (e.g. "median deviation of fundamental frequency from standard equal-tempered pitch"). Given this level of precision, characteristics unique to one artist should be identifiable. Broad characteristics (form of song, genre of solo) are also recorded. The underlying audio material is also provided with substantial metadata.
Jazzomat links with other resources where useful: MusicBrainz Identifier for track IDs, originating Sonic Visualizer file for melodic types, etc.
To study jazz in the context of other monophonic transcriptions, a searchable database combining materials from the EsAC and Pop libraries have been amalgamated with the Jazzomat transcriptions. For a sample of the possibilities created, please see "Parker's Pitch Patterns".
Opera
Early Nineteenth-Century Opera
Website: http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/loebmusic/2015/05/06/newly-digitized-early-19th-century-opera
This website in the Loeb Music Library at Harvard University features vocal scores mainly from Paris (Spontini, Auber, Rossini) and Neapolitan works by Donizetti.
Opera in Italy, Austria, and Germany (1770-1830)
Website: https://web.archive.org/web/20190403122127/http://www.oper-um-1800.uni-mainz.de/
Die Oper in Italien und Deutschland zwischen 1770 und 1830 (Opera in Italy and Germany between 1770 and 1830). This archived project (previously hosted at the University of Cologne) contained an array of resources for the study of operas that were contemporaneous with the life of Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827), who found his attempts to succeed in the world of opera frustrating. Prior to archiving, the archive accounted for 483 manuscripts, reproductions of printed libretti for every work listed, and an extensive metadata apparatus for basic information on composers, performances, and sources. the links are not currently operational. Wolf-Dieter (romance languages) and Wolfram Steinbeck (musicology) are the project leaders.
Other Genres and Traditions
American Vernacular Music Manuscripts (ca. 1730-1910)
Website: http://popmusic.mtsu.edu/ManuscriptMusic
This cooperative project representing digital collections from the American Antiquarian Society and the Center for Popular Music at Middle Tennessee State University holds much promise for mapping the past of American traditional music. Holdings range from shape-note tune books and devotional pieces to marches, music for figured dances, for circuses, for regimental corps, and for a wide range of utilitarian pieces penned by amateurs for an unknown occasion. Additionally, it holds many bound books of manuscripts prepared by teachers and pupils, in most cases for instruction to European settlers in nineteenth-century America.
Singing upon the Note (Early Music for Vocal Improvisation)
Website: https://contrapunto.ch
The flow of simply notated music (chant, patterned basses, folk tunes) at the dawn of the Renaissance gave rise to arts of improvisation. This resource offers short, notated pieces that formed the basis of endeavors to teach vocal improvisation.
Gospel Music History Archives
Website: http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15799coll9
This umbrella website at the University of Southern California aims at durable preservation of materials in fragile collections. Its contents come from the Gospel Music History Project, the Center for Religion and Civic Culture, the Archives of African American Music and Culture (Indiana University), and USC collections. Contributions are welcome.
Arthur Kleiner Collection of Silent Movie Music
Website: https://www.lib.umn.edu/scrbm/kleiner
The Arthur Kleiner Collection of Silent Movie Music at the University of Minnesota contains roughly 700 silent films. In 1939 Alfred Kleiner, an immigrant from Vienna, was named director of the New York Museum of Modern Art's film festival. After retirement (1967) he continued his work in Minnesota. Scores and recordings with expired copyrights are accessible online.
Lute Online Resources Portal (LORP)
Website: https://www.lutesociety.org/lute-portal/annotated-catalogue-of-historical-lute-manuscripts
LORP is a starting point for prints, manuscripts, and databases specific to music for lute, and in some cases also for guitar and vihuela. The search engine at Early Music Sources especially helpful.
Partitura organum
Website: http://partitura.org
Partitura organum shares contributed scores of organ music. Typesetting is unified in Lilypond and edited with Frescobaldi. PDFs and MP3 files are available for most works. Users may leave comments.
Renaissance Music in Croatia
Website: http://ricercar.cesr.univ-tours.fr/3-programmes/EMN/Croatie/index.htm
This collection, directed by Ennio Stipcevic, Philippe Vendrix, and Vasco Zara, is served under the auspices of the Ricercar project in Tours with the cooperation of the University of Zegreb. Music in manuscripts, prints, and other sources by Croatian composers are listed and offered in modern transcriptions. MIDI files accompany some entries. (Some included sources are held elsewhere.) The chanson is the genre that links the Croatian materials to the French materials, although the materials currently loaded favor madrigals. Some of the materials are sacred and/or instrumental music. A Roman missal (Venice, 1485-86) is also included.
Silent Film Scores and Arrangements (Library of Congress)
Website: https://www.loc.gov/collections/silent-film-scores-and-arrangements/about-this-collection
This Library of Congress Collection, assembled between 1904 and 1928, contains more than 3,000 items. Most come from sheet music publishers in the US and Europe, but some submissions came from individual seeking copyright protection. (The US Copyright Office is housed in the Library of Congress.) The attitude towards matching the music to the film is suggested by this note inside Vol. 1 of the Remick Collection (1914), "...over 100 dramatic, descriptive and characteristic numbers suitable for any theatrical performance or exhibition requiring incidental music."
The Spirituals Database
Website: http://www.spirituals-database.com
The searchable Spirituals Database provided searchable information on over 1,600 tracks from recordings of spirituals written for solo voice. It was developed and maintained by Randye Jones. Now under contract with a publisher, the online repertory has been replaced with an extensive video history of the genre.
Institutional Histories
Boston Handel and Haydn Society
Website: https://handelandhaydn.org/performance-database
This site represents a complete performance history of this venerable society. It also serves the continuing needs of the society, including ticket sales, videos of past performances, and background information. The historical repertory mentions items that no one would normally associate with a society of this nature including first US performances of European classics (Verdi's Requiem, Bach's B-Minor Mass). Digitized concert programs (1818-2016) can be found at this link.
Boston Symphony Orchestra Archives
Website: https://www.bso.org/brands/bso/about-us/historyarchives/archival-collection.aspx
This heterogeneous website covers the full apparatus of a well-known orchestra, including programs, photographs, specially commissioned works, premieres. The orchestra was established in 1881. The database can be searched by performance, artist, and repertory.
New York Philharmonic Leon Levy Digital Library
Website: http://archives.nyphil.org
A comprehensive site containing images, scores marked up by famous conductors, correspondence, concert programs, and much else. In addition to recreating much of the concert life of New York in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the archive provides open data access. Scholars are already digging into subscriber information of past decades.
Performance History
Stockhausen Concerts Database
Website: http://sbkw.net/gesang
Although the focus (1952-1972) is somewhat narrow, this website (in beta from 2015) shows the enormous interest in the music of Karl-Heinz Stockhausen (1928-2007) during those decades and where it was most popular. An early associate of the Darmstadt School, Stockhausen's musical interests ranged broadly and spread to vocal and electronic music in the 1960s. Links to complementary databases are planned.
Bio-bibliographical resources
Sorabji Resource Site
Website: http://www.mus.ulaval.ca/roberge/srs
This extensive repository of (often tabular) data on the life, music, and writings of the English composer, pianist, critic, and writer on music Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (1892-1988) is maintained by Marc-André Roberge at the Université Laval Marc-André Roberge at the University Laval, Québec (CA).
Databases (structured)
Most databases currently used are focused on a single subject. The methods by which they are structured is widely varied. Sites in which the material is predominantly textual are listed below. Text and image are integrated on some sites. Sites that focus on images with only sparse metadata are listed above. Among subjects listed here here: catalogues, inventories, and thematic indices; letters and treatises; instrument makers; ethnomusicological sources; and image archives.
Secular Vocal and Folksong Repertories
Bodleian Library Broadside Ballads Catalogue
Website: http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/ballads/project.htm
The Bodleian broadside ballads project, which was developed mainly from 1995 to 2000, spans the history of the genre. A search form enables users to access the allegro Catalogue of Ballads by sheet or ballad title, first line, and tune name as well as publisher, date, and other parameters.
Books of Hispanic Polyphony (BHP)
Website: https://hispanicpolyphony.eu
Books of Hispanic Polyphony IMF-CSIC (BHP), hosted in Barcelona by the Institució Milà i Fontanals of the Spanish National Research Council (IMF-CSIC), serves as a comprehensive research tool concerning manuscript and printed polyphony books in Spain and books elsewhere containing Hispanic polyphony. Its initial coverage is for the 15th-20th centuries, but it had no chronological imitations. BHP does not provide images of the sources, unless holding institutions provide them. In these cases BHP incorporates the appropriate links (e.g. to the Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, covering books at the Biblioteca Nacional de España in Madrid). BHP also incorporates links to descriptions of manuscripts in DIAMM, the Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music, to prints listed in Printed Sacred Music Database 1500-1800, to the Portuguese Early Music (PEM) database, and to other appropriate websites that could offer relevant information.
The main menu for “Sources” (1509 items), “Locations”, “Institutions” (392), “People” (1036), “Genres”, “Works” (4696), “Movements” (4750), “Documents” (96) and “Bibliography” (1034) gives a sense of the breadth of BHP; additional materials are continually being incorporated by the project’s team, directed by Emilio Ros-Fábregas; the webmaster is Jan Koláček.
César: French Theatrical Database
Website: https://cesar.huma-num.fr/cesar2
The Calendrier électronique des spectacles sour l'ancien régime et sous la révolution is a searchable database of personnel (broadly defined), titles, dates, venues, and pertinent treatises on the French theater of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Among its most unusual holdings are its calendar of police reports from the revolutionary period. With over 400,000 items covering actors, playrights, venues, et al., CESAR covers the entire francophone world. This project was originated jointly at Oxford Brookes University by Barry Russell (1943-2003) and in Toronto by David Trott (1940-2005). It is now hosted at the l’Université Grenoble Alpes. A companion image bank currently draws on ten institutional collections.
Catalogue de la Chanson Française à la Renaissance (Chanson Database)
Website: http://ricercar.cesr.univ-tours.fr/3-programmes/basechanson
A search site with extensive metadata and musical incipits for a repertory of 10,000 works from the sixteenth century. Multiple settings of the same text have individual listings (e.g. "Susanne un jour" currently has 26 listings). Works can be searched by title, scoring, composer, source, location, and text. Instrumental arrangements of originally texted pieces are included. The site is cross-referenced to comprehensive secondary sources and modern editions. The project is directed by Annie Cœurdevey at Ricercar, the musicology research program of the Centre d'Études Supérieures de la Renaissance (CESR) at l'université François-Rabelais de Tours.
CLORI: Archive of the Italian Cantata
Website: http://www.cantataitaliana.it
CLORI, which hosts cantata texts, manuscript source citations, and images that show characteristics of handwriting, has a number of sponsors and collaborators including the Italian Musicological Society (SIdM in Italian), the University of Rome (Tor Vergata), the Italian Institute for Music History (IISM), and RISM. The project is headed by Teresa M. Gialdroni. Click the "ricerca" button to go to the search form.
Deutsches Volksliedarchiv (German Folksong Archive)
Website: http://www.dva.uni-freiburg.de/Deutsches_Volksliedarchiv
The German Folk Music Archive (in German) has evolved over a century (to 2014) as a central clearing house for folk songs from German-speaking lands. It contains several component parts including (1) a Lieder Lexicon in which folksong texts are listed alphabetically; (2) a listing of specific projects, mainly those with a critical dimension; and (3) a popular Song Lexicon.
Early American Sacred Music
Website: https://earlyamericansacredmusic.org
The focus of Early American Sacred Music is on choral music with sacred texts hand-copied or printed in America up to 1821. The European tradition is emphasized. Most of the sources are from New England. More than 300 secondary sources are represented. A number of historical archives and special collections within university archives are included.
EASMUS: Early American Secular Music and its European Sources
Website: http://www.colonialdancing.org/Easmes/Index.htm
This extensive canvas of secular music in the American colonies and early states (1589–1839) consists of a series of indices (titles, first lines, musical incipits [by scale degree], stressed notes, et al.). It was developed over the 1970s and 80s by Kate Van Winkle Keller, Robert Keller, Carolyn Rabson, Raoul F. Camus, and Susan Cifaldi. The contents include ballad operas, band music, song sheets, theater works, and the names of tunes played by musical clocks.
English Broadside Ballad Archive
Website: http://ebba.english.ucsb.edu
Six thousand English broadside ballads, mainly from the seventeenth century, are included in this comprehensive project extending to related artistic and cultural phenomena. It development continues through 2016.
HUAPALA: Hawaiian Lyrics and Hula Archives
Website: http://www.huapala.org
Under development since 1997, HUAPALA is a website consisting mainly of texts derived from recordings of Hawaiian traditional music. Its aim is to preserve the musical culture of the Hawaiian Islands through not only the lyrics but also associated artifacts. Some musical overlaps with Samoa and Tahiti allow for comparison of lyrics from the broader Polynesian world.
Loire Valley Chanson Sources
Website: http://www.goldbergstiftung.de/forum/index_de.php?a=forum&f=39
The Goldberg Foundation has set up a system of hyperlinks to digitized resources for this subsector of the chanson repertory. As a collaborative project, it is somewhat uneven in its offerings. In compensation, comments can be appended to listings.
Old English Songs
Website: http://athena.uky.edu/oes/intro.htm
This collection, housed at the University of Kentucky, was once owned by the double-bass player Domenico Dragonetti. The contents mainly consist of opera arias (Handel, Bononcini, Purcell) and cantatas (rather than folksongs or sea shanties) in scanned images.
Fondo de Música Tradicional (Traditional Music of Spain)
Website: http://musicatradicional.eu
The Fondo de Música Tradicional, hosted by the Institució Milá i Fontanals (IMF-CSIC) in Barcelona, includes more than 20,000 melodic transcriptions collected between 1944 and 1960 from regional oral traditions throughout Spain. Most music in the database [most in hand transcriptions, with a diatonic numerical encoding of the incipit] was compiled through efforts of the former Instituto Español de Musicología of CSIC. The website/database contains 10,000 unique pieces from more than 4,500 informants at 3,000 locations within Andalusia, the Balearic Islands, Castile-La Mancha, Castile and León Region, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Murcia Region and the Valencian community. The collection also includes old video and audio recordings. Additional materials are continually being incorporated by the project's team, directed by Emilio Ros-Fábregas. Independent musicians are invited to contribute their own materials.
VolksLiedWerke (Austrian Folksong Database)
Website: http://www.volksmusikdatenbank.at
The VolksLiedWerke is assembled from collections originating in Austria's states. Searches by title, personal name, or corporate name are possible. Supported by the Austrian National Library (Oesterreichische Nationalbibliothek) and other entities. Some regions have separate websites, such as this one for the Tyrol, where scores and recordings may also be found. Interface available in five languages.
Sacred and Liturgical Music
Antiphonale Synopticum
Website: http://gregorianik.uni-regensburg.de
The Antiphonale Synopticum project (currently in German only) is the most recent addition to the Cantus Index Network–a series of connected, online projects employing the same structure and methodology. Based at the Universität Regensburg, it is directed by Harald Buchinger. It seeks to support identification of textual and melodic variants. Antiphonale Synopticum and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which include the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
CANTUS Manuscript Database: A Database for Latin Ecclesiastical Chant
Website: http://cantus.uwaterlook.ca
Cantus is a large, steadily-growing resource containing inventories of medieval chant manuscripts and related analytical tools. Its original home was the Catholic University of America (Washington, DC) under Ruth Steiner. After a period at the University of Western Ontario (London) under Terence Bailey, the database was moved to the University of Waterloo where Debra Lacoste is the current project manager and Jan Koláček (Prague) is its web developer. It has recently expanded from inventories of antiphoners and breviaries to manuscript sources containing Mass chants, including sequences. By providing a searchable database of detailed information for (currently) over 160 medieval manuscripts and over 440,00 chants, the Cantus Manuscript Database is a useful digital archive for musicologists and other academic researchers, librarians, archivists, as well as performers of this early music. Users can search for chants by text, saints’ name or liturgical occasion, and Cantus ID number. Tools for browsing, analysis, and data-entry are provided. An introduction to the database can be found in a YouTube video by Lacoste (2014). The Cantus Manuscript Database is the flagship site in the Cantus Index Network–a series of connected, online projects employing the same structure and methodology. The Cantus Manuscript Database, Cantus Index, and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which include the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
Cantus Fractus Database (Projetto Raphael)
Website: http://www.cantusfractus.org
![](/images/thumb/9/90/RomanGradual-1624.jpg/350px-RomanGradual-1624.jpg)
An abiding problem in chant research is the evaluation of rhythm and proportion. This website (in Italian) by Marco Gozzi explores interpretative methods for repertories that are viewable online in early prints and manuscripts. A search form facilitates the retrieval of examples by source location. Excellent leaf-by-leaf viewing tools are provided.
Cantus Planus Austria
Website: https://cantusplanus.at
Cantus Planus Austria is a significant constellation of resources including many digitized manuscripts of medieval chant, choir books, databases, and other materials related to church music of earlier times. Many of the sources are preserved in the Austrian National Library.
Cantus Planus Regensburg
Website: http://www-musikwissenschaft.uni-r.de/cantus
Cantus Planus Regensburg is a long-established web archive for medieval chant research. It includes downloadable data files and various databases, e.g. Post-Easter and Pentecost Alleluias, Responsories of the Dead (Ottosen), Advent Responsories (Hesbert), Medieval liturgical manuscripts in German and British libraries, and other pertinent tools such as David Hiley’s (et al) very useful medieval chant bibliographies. The project is directed by David Hiley and Robert Klugseder.
Cantus Ultimus
Website: https://cantus.simssa.ca/manuscripts/
Cantus Ultimus is a database of manuscript sources of digitized chants. Sources and their contents have been signaled by a network of chant researchers in Canada, the U.S., the U.K., and Europe. The database supports text searches by title, mode, feast, liturgical function, and folio number with each source.
ChantDigger
Website: http://www.oralhistoryofchant.ch/index.php/en/guided-tour
(Not currently maintained). The online implementation of Max Haas's lengthy investigation of chant variants is recent. After loading the data one can search either by text or by melody. A "canvas" offers a graph to map chant movement.
Comparatio (Chant Comparison)
Website: http://comparatio.irht.cnrs.fr
Comparatio, a member of the Cantus Index Network, presents transcriptions of selected chants in side-by-side views to facilitate the identification of liturgical traditions. It was developed at the Institut de recerche et d'histoire des textes (IRHT) of the Centre national de la recerche scientifique (CNRS) by Claire Maître. Comparatio and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which include the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
Corpus Pulcriorem Invenire (CPI-I): Online catalogue of Conductus poetry and musical settings
Website: http://catalogue.conductus.ac.uk
Mark Everist's CPI-I (Cantus pulcriorem invenire) contains almost 900 works found in 550 sources. The emphasis is on the poetry. A variety of ways to search it (by form, numbers of stanzas, lines per stanza, language, poet, and stanza rhyme structure) is available. Musical features (composer, notation, format) are also searchable. Sources listed are digitized and viewable online. Cross-listed to DIAMM and RISM.
Differentiae Database
Website: https://differentiaedatabase.ca
This searchable database is a component part of the CANTUS-related project Digital Analysis of Chant Transmission (see below).
Digital Analysis of Chant Transmission (DACT)
Website: http://dact-chant.ca
DACT presents itself as a repository for crowd-sourced fragments of liturgical chant. Many chant books were cannibalized in recent centuries to create Re-assmebling a complete book is a challenge. DACT offers an invitation to anyone possessing a leaf from a chant book to submit it to its fragment survey. The managers are eager to discover routes of transmission and geographical spread of such fragments. See also the entry on Fragmentarium under Digitized Music Manuscripts.
Fontes Cantus Bohemiae
Website: http://cantusbohemiae.cz
Fontes Cantus Bohemiae is a member of the Cantus Index Network–a series of connected, online projects employing the same structure and methodology. This site aims to inventory chant sources in Czech regions of Central Europe. Data representing 7,200 chants from the 12th-14th centuries have been uploaded to date in CANTUS-compatible formats.
FCB and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which include the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
Gregorien
Website: http://gregorien.info/en
Under the Répertoire tab of the Académie de Chant grégorien, the website Gregorien.info contains thousands of chant texts, their sources, and translations. The site is linked to the Cantus Index Network, and is now owned and directed by Inga Behrendt. The history of the development of the website is here. Gregorien.info and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which includes the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
Hungarian Chant Database
Website: http://gradualia.eu
The Hungarian Chant Database is a member of the Cantus Index Network–a series of connected, online projects employing the same structure and methodology. The Hungarian Chant Database stems from the earlier CAO-ECE (Corpus Antiphonalium Officii - Ecclesiarum Centralis Europae) work, which was designed to inventory and compare medieval Central European Office repertories. The component parts are these:
(1) CAO-ECE, the original component, was intended to facilitate studies of change in liturgical traditions over time and the study of other relationships within the liturgical Office of the middle ages.
(2) Gradualia, the newer component, brought similar capabilities to the medieval Mass but with greater attention to source material.
The HCD and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which include the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
Hymn Tune Index
Website: http://http://hymntune.library.uiuc.edu
The venerable Hymn Tune Index (HTI) has been developed over more than 40 years by Nicholas Temperley. Its initial aim was provide an index of all hymns with English-lnaguage lyrics up to the year 1900. At present the online part goes through 1820. Listing for the remainder of the nineteenth century are in progress. A full history is available here.
Hymn tunes have their own conventions of indexing, among which the metrical scansion of the verse(s) is prominent. Identical profiles are grouped together, facilitating a search by this rubric. Hymns can be search by name and by its HTI number; by title; by lyrics; by the name of a compiler; and by composer.
Temperley's work has produced the four-volume printed Hymn Tune Index published by Oxford University Press (1998); revisions to it can be found here. The online search capabilities have been developed at the University of Illinois since then.
Mass Database (Mainz)
Website: http://www.mdb.uni-mainz.de
Records for c.40,000 settings of the Ordinary of the Mass from 1400 to the present day. In process of migration (March 2014).
Mass, Office, and Holy Week Music Printed in Italy (1518-1770)
Website: http://sscm-jscm.org/instrumenta/instrumenta-volumes/instrumenta-volume-2
This online catologue by Jeffrey Kurtzman and Anne Schnoebelen in the Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music (JSCM) Instrumenta series contains 2,004 listings of printed music for the Mass and Office. The resource provides complete verbal material (title pages, dedications, prefaces, indices, contents by text incipits, liturgical and performance rubrics, and all other verbal material with the exception of full texts), most in diplomatic transcription, of all known prints of this repertoire. The remarks include format, sources consulted and other information of particular note. Entries, in pdf format, are fully searchable with lengthy indices of less obvious terms in all orthographical variants.
Medieval Music Manuscripts, Austria
Website: http://cantusplanus.at
The CantusPlanus.at website (officially entitled Musikalische Quellen des Mittelalters, or Musical Sources of the Middle Ages in the Austrian National Library), based at the Austrian Academy of Science, provides both detailed information on medieval music manuscripts in the Austrian National Library and basic information for manuscripts in all other Austrian libraries. Images for all manuscripts of the National Library plus full digitizations of some other special manuscripts (14,500 images) are provided. There is also access to the (manually-compiled) database of Constantin Schneider (1928), which addresses more than 1,650 sources. Several other data resources are included. Although not officially connected to the Cantus Index Network or Cantus Manuscript Database, several codices have been inventoried according to “Cantus” standards. The project leader is Robert Klugseder.
Medieval Music Database (MMD)
Website: http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/MMDB
![](/images/thumb/4/40/MMD-StMartin_Antiphon.png/425px-MMD-StMartin_Antiphon.png)
The original database, a model of integrated presentation combined with independent search of text and music fields, was developed by John Stinson and John Griffiths at LaTrobe University (Australia) between 1987 and 1999, when the university's music department was closed. It was maintained over the next five years by the University Library and is still accessible (2014) at the above link. Plans to bring it under the umbrella of DIAMM are under discussion.
One of MMD's great strength, for students of liturgy, is the ability to scroll bilaterally through the temporal and sanctoral cycles, that is by feasts of the Ordinary and those of the Proper. Other supported search fields are text, composer, genre, manuscript, and melody. MMD is cross-referenced to the CAO database.
The musical examples in MMD were originally produced with Scribe software, also developed by Stinson and Griffiths (c. 1990). It encoded neumes and ligatures (mainly for fourteenth-century music) for printing on a color deskjet printer. It was designed for the DOS operating system and could export to the SCORE music-notation program. Jason Stoessel is continuing the development of the MMD.
Motet Database (1475-1600)
Website: http://www.arts.ufl.edu/motet/default.asp
Jennifer Thomas's guide to motets and Mass Propers in manuscript and printed sources from the period 1475-1600. 33,000 items, indexed section by section. Excludes Magnificats, Lamentations, canticles, and strophic hymns. Offers extensive scribal and source detail.
Motets printed in France (Motet imprimé en France 1647-1789)
Website: http://neuma.huma-num.fr/scorelib/corpus
This project within the NEUMA consortium currently contains a musical index with incipits (available in several formats) for almost 1,000 printed works. Notable composers represented in Campra, Couperin, Clérambault, and the Dutch polymath Constantijn Huygens together with motets by many little-known composers and several anonymous Noëls. Nathalie Berton-Blivet is the curator.
Musica Sacra
Website: http://musicasacra.com
This notable collection of scanned chant books includes the Liber Usualis and many other resources for modern use in traditional settings.
Musicat
Website: http://musicat.unam.mx/v2013/index.html
This website of the Seminario de Musica en la Nueva Espana y el Mexico Independiente, an international workgroup based in Mexico City, is a portal to two online, open-access databases of interest to musicologists, as well as an open-access digitized collection of 17th- and 18th-century music manuscripts from Mexico City Cathedral presented through agreement with the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. These databases are in progress and growing:
- Musicat: Actas de Cabildo is a searchable compendium of references to music in cathedral documents in the period 1525-1828.
- Musicat: Catalogos de Musica is an OPAC catalog with musical incipits of manuscript and printed music at Mexican Cathedrals.
- Coleccion Estrada is a digitized collection of 122 manuscripts of 17th- and 18th- century Mexican music sources.
- Libros de coro is an online guide to the collection of choir books at Mexico City Cathedral. At present it includes 18,000 images.
Most pages contain explanations in both Spanish and English. The search page (in Spanish only) is found at http://musicat.unam.mx/nuevo/adabi_busqueda.php. Although works are predominantly sacred ones, many villancicos, pedagogical materials, and simple songs can also be found. Underlying literary sources are in Spanish, Latin, and African dialects found in sources. Tjhe databases are maintained by the Instituto de Investigaciones Esteticas of the Universidad Nacional de Mexico.
Plainchant Sources in Poland (Cantus Planus in Polonia)
Website: http://cantus.edu.pl
This member of the Cantus Index Network provides access to both Mass and Office sources in a range of libraries in Poland. It is based at the Polish Academy of Sciences in collaboration with other institutions and is directed by Bartosz Izbicki. Within Poland it is cross-linked with several music-bibliography sites. Cantus Planus in Polonia and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which include the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
Portuguese Early Music (PEM) Database
Website: http://pemdatabase.eu/compositions
The Portuguese Early Music Database (PEM) links Portuguese music manuscript listings with both RISM entries and the Cantus Manuscript Database (and its main catalogue, the Cantus Index). PEM is searchable by genre, feast, and composer. The digital holdings of the Centro de Estudios de Sociologia e Estética Musical consist overwhelmingly of short sacred vocal works found sources that are extremely fragile and therefore well served by digitization. Manuscripts are mainly from the 14th–16th centuries. All sources are reproduced in color. A full listing is here. PEM also maintains a list of links for early sacred-music projects. PEM and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which include the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
Printed Sacred Music Database
Website: http://www.printed-sacred-music.org/pages/indexes
This collection of metadata and musical incipits (1500-1800) has been developed over decades under the direction of David Bryant at the Fondazione Giorgio Cini Onlus, Venice, with significant contributions by many individual scholars, and is now served at the Institute of Musicology, University of Fribourg (CH) and implemented by the Swiss RISM office. Search by composers, publishers, musical incipits, and much else. The musical incipits are encoded in DARMS and are rendered in mensural notation. A series of catalogues is listed here.
Psalm Database (Psalmendatenbank)
Website: http://www.psalmmusic-database.de/index.php
The Psalmendatenbank has been developed in the Weimar-Jena musicology seminar under the direction of Helen Geyer. Contributors include Christian G. Grote, Michael Pauser, and Birgit Johanna Wertenson. Its focus is on psalm settings in Italian manuscripts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
RELICS (Renaissance Liturgical Imprints)
Website: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/r/relics
This database, hosted at the University of Michigan, contains entries on c. 14,000 sources of liturgical music printed through the year 1600. Started by David Crawford (1995) and continued by James Borders, the database contains entries from publications in France, Germany, and many other European countries. Coverage extends to multiple Roman Catholic rites and to Protestant and Jewish liturgies.
Slovak Early Music Database (Cantus Planus in Slovakia)
Website: http://cantus.sk
The Slovak Early Music Database is a member of the Cantus Index Network—a series of connected, online projects employing the same structure and methodology. The SEMD focuses on manuscript sources (some of them fragmentary) and some early prints from the eleventh to the sixteenth centuries. Based at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, it is directed by Eva Veselovská. The database, on which other Slovak institutions collaborate, currently offers over 300 items (manuscripts or fragments) which can be searched by title, feast, and other rubrics. Source images are available at high resolution. The Slovak Early Music Database and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which include the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
Spanish Early Music Manuscripts (Musica Hispanica)
Website: http://musicahispanica.eu
Spanish Early Music Manuscripts is a member of the Cantus Index Network–a series of connected, online projects employing the same structure and methodology. SEMM focuses on manuscript sources from medieval Spain, and endeavours to catalogue the “old Hispanic” chants in surviving antiphoners, breviaries, graduals and missals. Carmen Julia Gutiérrez is its project manager. SEMM and its networked partners operate under the guidelines of the Cantus Planus Study Group of the International Musicological Society, which include the free and open exchange of data in electronic form.
Instrumental Music
The Clarinet Quintet
Website: http://clarinetquintet.web.unc.edu
This online catalog is a continuing project to bring together all repertoire that exists for the clarinet quintet (defined as a string quartet plus a clarinet). The project seeks to offer complete, authoritative data relative to each composition and to demonstrate the totality of the genre. To that end, the site allows for, and welcomes, comments, verifiable corrections, and appropriate ancillary information that may help illuminate a better understanding of an individual work or the entirety of the repertoire.
This online catalog evolved from the personal catalog of Donald L. Oehler. Currently containing 600 works, it was developed over decades of a professional career. The project will continue to grow as works are regularly entered not only from Oehler's collected catalog listings but from the most recent and reliable data available for new works or newly discovered works. Currently (2015) the online catalog is approaching 400 entries." Each entry shows a facsimile of the first page and gives title concordances and other information about the work. The site's search boxes enables random access. Works can be grouped by period, country of origin, and key.
Classical String Quartets
Website: http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/quartets
This website may not represent the largest collection of this repertory, but it is the largest collection of digitized prints currently accessible online. Its contents are characterized as "rare and unusual" rather than mainstream. If you are looking for variety, consider Förster, Gassmann, Pixis, or Wranitsky (a small sampling of composers represented).
Hof-Musik (Court Music)
Website: http://www.hof-musik.de
Hof-Musik is not so much one database as a collection of resources for studying music and musicians (mainly instrumentalists) in the courts of Southwest Germany. It is based at the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences. Musicians are listed here, instrument makers [their metyhod here]. The number of smaller courts included is considerable. Some editions and facsimiles are also available.
Jazzomat Research Project (Weimar Jazz Database)
Website: http://jazzomat.hfm-weimar.de/index.html
Version 2.0 of the Weimar Jazz Database contains 456 transcriptions of solos by famous artists--John Coltrane, Dizzy Gillespie, Benny Goodman, Louis Armstrong, and many others. Hosted at the Hochschule für Musik Franz Liszt Weimar and headed by Klaus Frieler, it offers a Python Library (MeloSpyLib) for analytical purposes. In the database section, PDF scores give transcriptions for the solos. The search-tool Dig that Lick allows users to search the data for specific melodic patterns. The a statistical Feature History of Jazz facilitates feature mapping and scattering with user-selected constraints. JazzTube, developed at Erlangen University's AudioLabs, overlays YouTube videos with piano-roll notation of solos.
Instrument Makers and Collections
Boalch-Mould Online: A research database of harpsichords and clavichords, 1440–1925
Website: https://www.boalch.org
The designers of this website have given much thought to matters of organization. Early keyboard instruments were not mass-produced, and the range of differences from one to the next has been given due consideration. BMO is also unusual in accepting additions from private owners, which over time can produce a rounder picture of individual maker's achievements. The introductory video lays out the aims and organization of the material. Each instrument is assigned a BMO number to facilitate accurate citation. Among the useful details is a column giving the full range of the pitches produced (e.g. FF-f3 for the Hans Ruckers instrument in the Brussels Museum entered as BMO 111, dated c1612). This barely scratches the surface of the detail on offer, for one can quickly find many other precise specifications (e.g. dimensions, unusual features, previous owners) and in many cases photographs.
Liuteria Bresciana: Brescian Instrument Makers
Website: http://www.liuteriabresciana.it/pit001.htm
![](/images/thumb/9/96/Maggini-violin-1610.jpg/180px-Maggini-violin-1610.jpg)
(Currently unavailable) Brescia was the first home of violin-making. So many of the early makers died in the plague of 1630-31 that Brescia was unable to regain its former glory. It exerted considerable influence on instrument-making in nearby Cremona, which flourished after 1650. Ugo Ravasio's former website (Liuteria Bresciana) covered the period from 1550 into until the mid-eighteenth century. His integration of archival documents, pictures of instruments, and a searchable database filled an important hole in our knowledge of the development of bowed string instruments. The great plague of 1630-1631 halved the Brescian population and nearly destroyed the instrument trade. The revival of this website is warmly anticipated.
MINIM-UK
Website: http://minim.ac.uk
MINIM is a composite online website (Musical Instrument Interface for Museums and Collections) for information, photographs and pertinent recordings of instruments in UK and Irish collections. With 20,000 listings, it is the largest repository of its kind in the UK and is managed by the Royal College of Music, London. Its central contributions come from the Royal College of Music, Edinburgh University, the Royal Academy of Music, and the Horniman Museum. Users may browse by collection or by instrument family. They may search by instrument name. Vivid illustrations are plentiful. MINIM is loosely linked with them pan-European MIMO project.
Music Instrument Museums Online (MIMO)
Website: http://www.mimo-international.com/MIMO
Music Instrument Museums Online (MIMO) is a multilingual, searchable site providing descriptions of individual musical instruments in curated collections worldwide. Its 55,000 items can be viewed by family or by location. Results can be filtered by date, place of production, and maker. Measurements and other details of each instrument are provided. Its iconographical value is very considerable. The spinet of 1610 by Vincenzo di Prato, pictured here, comes from Grassi collection in the museum of the University of Leipzig. MIMO's search engine adds new competencies by the week and currently supports more than a dozen languages including Chinese, Korean, and Basque (Euskara) as well as European languages and English.
National Music Museum
Website: http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm
The National Music Museum (Vermilion, South Dakota, US) possesses a highly diverse collection of instruments. It also houses a program on instrument conservation. The main components of the collections are (1) the Witten-Rawlins collection of Northern Italian (Brescian-Cremonese) strings from the seventeenth century, (2) an extensive group of instruments manufactured in the US in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and (3) a substantial collection of instruments from other parts of the world. The NMM provides links to many other little-known collections.
The Piano in Polish Collections
Website: http://www.piano.instruments.edu.pl/en/piano-makers
This website contains databases (with copious photographs) of historic collections, instruments, and ephemera in several Polish collections including the Museum of Industrial History in Opatowic, the Andrzej Szwalbe Collection in Ostromecko, and the Fryderyk Chopin Institutein Warsaw. Many of the photographs in the blog contain sketches, pastels, lithographs, and paintings of musicians at work.
Polish Folk Instruments
![](/images/thumb/1/14/Dudy_podhalanskie_WaldemarKielchowski_PolInstMusDance_Warsaw.jpg/200px-Dudy_podhalanskie_WaldemarKielchowski_PolInstMusDance_Warsaw.jpg)
Website: http://instrumenty.edu.pl/en
The Museum of Folk Instruments in Szydłowiec, established in 1968, houses the largest collection of folk instruments in Poland and documents rich musical relationships with adjacent regions. Holdings date from the seventeenth century onward and currently number more than 2,000. The collection (which is housed in the Szydłowiecy-Radziwill Castle, is particularly rich in bowed instruments, cymbals, and bagpipes. Some links within the site provide sound files.
Historical and Liturgical Calendars
Historical Calendars of Europe (HCAL)
Website: http://hcal.ccarh.org
Those looking to reconcile modern dates with those in use before the Gregorian calendar was adopted can derive a correct translation here. Many more calendars were in use than those indicated here. Adoption of the Gregorian (modern Western) calendar occurred between 1582 and 1926. Standardized tools to generate early calendars (e.g. the Unix cal tool) ignore historical change and thus render incorrect results for some locales and periods of time.
Liturgical Calendars
Many sights offer these modern calendars with various degrees of refinement, but they are not appropriate for historical use. There can be local variations in the days of minor saints. See such sites as Liturgy Office (UK); the Liturgical Calendar Online; Greek Orthodox. Some cultures maintain separate civic and religious calendars and thus impose an additional level of complexity to the reconciliation of dates. Orthodox Jewish culture offers one example. In simpler circumstances, the Etz Hayim website offers instructive examples on the reconciliation of Christian and Jewish dating systems. The Muslim calendar is complicated in a global context because of its dependence on (the time of) the initial visibility of a new moon, in combination of adherents across many times zones. Additional cultures and religions, including Buddhism and Eastern Orthodoxy, are included in Santa Clara University's Calendars of the World's Religions website.
Performers and Musical Personnel
Marian Anderson: Diaries and Notebooks
Website: https://fromthepage.com/upenn/diaries-and-notebooks-of-marian-anderson
The digitization of Marian Anderson's diaries and notebooks awaits crowd-sourced transcription to make its content fully searchable. It is an enticing and extensive collection that captures an important chapter of American social as well as musical history. Anderson (1897-1993) spent most of her life in Philadelphia, and the preservation of this collection (more than 2,500 items) at the University of Pennsylvania suits it well. Performers' tussles with racial barriers paralleled those of sports figures in the middle decades of the twentieth century. The letter excerpted here documents a turning point both in Anderson's career and in what became a milestone in the Civil Rights Movements: having been prevented from appearing in Constitution Hall on Easter (April 9) in 1939, she sang on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial for a crowd of 75,000.
Musico Napolitano (Neapolitan Musician)
Website: http://musiconapolitano.unifr.ch
Musico Napolitano is a searchable database of references to musicians from Naples cited in letters, archival records, institutions, and other documentation. Based at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, it has the aim of fleshing out bibliographies of migratory musicians whose biographies are not easily traceable. The website offers several rubrics to search by. These include rosters organized by name, role (or instrument), and institution. The map identifying the location of institutions is very useful. The website welcomes contributions of information.
Other Rubrics
British Music Festivals Repertoire (1695-1940)
Website: http://musicalfestivals.org
The Musical Festivals Database (MFD) provides a searchable database of repertory programmed in British festivals between 1695 and 1940. Many items come from the choral festivals that were popular in Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Results can quickly attest to the fickleness of taste, as specific locales, composers, and genres blinked on an off for brief periods.
European Theatre Architecture (EUTA)
Website: https://www.theatre-architecture.eu
Europe abounds in historical theaters, many associated with individual composers and repertories. This extensively illustrated resource combines historical detail with carefully composer photographs not only from the front stage view but also behind the scenes. It is presented in twelve languages with a button from automatic translation. Its centerpiece is the castle theater of Czesky-Krumlov (shown), which was begun in the 1660s, has been periodically closed, and once again offers Baroque opera.
Germania Sacra
Website: http://personendatenbank.germania-sacra.de/index/browse
Germania Sacra has several facets to what is essentially a database of personnel in German churches and monasteries from the medieval through early modern periods. Primary emphasis is placed on earlier period. The register of people (linked here) gives the flavor of the whole. It contains 4,000 listings (2016).
Medici Archive Project
Website: http://www.medici.org
The Medici Archive Project (MAP) is an ambitious effort to focus attention on the vast archives of the Medici Principiate (which endured from the early Renaissance until 1737) in the Florentine State Archives. It is conceived as a continuing project and has spawned several quasi-independent enterprises. The online database provides short transcriptions from across the entire documentary base. The project has thus far produced more than 300,000 digitized images of records from the Medici court. Its current activities emphasize lectures and the production of videos on specific topics related to the three centuries of rule by the family.
Reid Concerts
Website: http://www.reidconcerts.music.ed.ac.uk/content/home
This database of concerts (from 1841) itemizes musical programs given at many venues in the city of Edinburgh under the auspices of the the Reid School of Music in the University of Edinburgh. By itmeizing the contents of many of all preserved concert programmes, it attempts to chart the development and evolution of the ‘Reid Concerts’. Users may investigate composer, medium, genre, venue, date, or even professor in charge to cull specific profiles. The data collection overall enables the study of changes of taste and pedagogy as well as the constellation of pieces that make up concert programs. Begun in 2013, 'Reid Concerts' is still under development. (The School of Music is now a department within Edinburgh College of Art.)
Composer/Theorist Documentation
Bach Digital
Website: http://www.bachdigital.de/content/index.xml?lang=en
Bach Digital, based in Leipzig, is a one-stop shop for a catalogue of work by J.S. Bach (BWV); of scanned manuscripts; and of a database of manuscripts associated with the Bach family. When complete, it is intended to serve a wide variety of needs of scholars and interests of a wider music audience. An earlier Datenbank der Bach-Quellen (Database of Bach Sources) operates under the auspices of Göttingen's Johann-Sebastian-Bach Institute here.
Max Bruch Archive
Website: https://musikwissenschaft.phil-fak.uni-koeln.de/index.php?id=13144
This online archive documenting the life of Max Bruch (1838-1020) contains letters (c5000 of them), compositions, and other relevant materials. It was assembled at the University of Cologne between 2012 and 2021.
Irving Berlin Collection (Library of Congress)
Website: https://www.loc.gov/item/2012562128
This collection abounds in the artifacts of Berlin's long life (1895-1990). From scrapbooks of press clippings to account books for the Music Box Theater and family letters to copyright assignments we see the composer of "White Christmas" and "There's No Business like Show Business" in a constant swirl of activity. Most full scores, vocal scores, and sketches were transcribed by secretaries. Berlins' lyrics come from his own hand. For copyright reasons most items are unavailable until 2039.
Arrigo Boito Papers (Archivio Boito Digitale)
Website: https://opac.sbn.it
Arrigo Boito (1842-1918) was a composer but also a poet, novelist, and journalist who sometimes wrote under a pseudonym. His is best known today for his librettos for Verdi's Otello and Falstaff plus other stage works of the time. The circuitous route to a coherent archive of the composer's drafts and life began with the celebration of the centenary of his death in 2018. The variety and complexity of material may be typical of the musical giants of the later nineteenth century. A noted element of his biography was his long affair with the noted actress Eleonora Duse (1887-1894). Boito also served for eight years (1889-1897) as director of the Parma Conservatory.
What is unusual about this project is the coordination of materials in diverse physical locations to create a virtual archives through the SBN (Italian National Library) catalog.
Aaron Copland Collection (Library of Congress)
![](/images/thumb/0/08/Copland-1945.jpg/300px-Copland-1945.jpg)
Website: https://www.loc.gov/collections/aaron-copland
The heterogeneity of this collection (782 items) represents the full array of Copland's life and activities. We go from photographs with his schoolmates in a Brooklyn second grade to retreats with distinguished colleagues in the late years of his life. Copland's essay of film music, prepared for a talk at Columbia University in 1940, which was based on his year of employment in Hollywood, offers a glimpse of the rapid pace of change in response to growing popularity of the medium.
Fux Online
Website: http://www.fux-online.at/cms_seite.php?content=0&menu=1
Fux Online is a growing compendium of information about Johann Joseph Fux (c. 1660-1741), Austria's much revered master of counterpoint. Fux wrote his Gradus ad Parnassum of 1725 in Latin. Only after his death did a German translation by L. CH. Mizler bring it to broader attention. The original work was dedicated to his employer, the Emperor Charles VI. The Gradus ad Parnassus (Steps to Mt. Parnassus, the home of the Nine Muses) is considered the fount of species counterpoint. It attracted such students as G. Ch. Wagenseil and J. D. Zelenka. The approach was strongly influential on composers of the later eighteenth century. It is not generally regarded as descriptive of sixteenth-century Roman practice, although it distills observable practices of that time. Fux Online complements that standing image of Fux with coverage of his sacred vocal music and introduces a new critical edition of Fux's music by Hollitzer Verlag, which will include 600 works.
Handel Reference Database
Website: http://ichriss.ccarh.org/HRD
The Handel Reference Database (HRD) provides a continuously updated version of the documentation that accompanied the Stanford doctoral thesis on the reception of the music of G. Fr. Handel by Ilias Chrissochoidis.
Lassus Manuscript Database
Website: https://lasso-handschriften.badw.de/metaopac/start.do?View=lasso
More than 470 prints of Lassus's compositions up to 1687, but many titles known from the prints cannot today be verified against surviving manuscripts. This inventory of manuscripts follows on from Horst Leuchtmann and Bernhold Schmid's inventory of printed works (Kassel, 2001) and attempts to clarify the status of both surviving and lost titles. It supports single-parameter and Boolean (multiple-criteria) searches.
Mozart Correspondence
Website: http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/briefe/doclist.php
This online edition, based on the 1962 edition of Wilhelm Bauer and Erich Deutsch, contains 955 documents. Each letter is presented in parallel in a modern transcription and a photographic reproduction of the original. The resource is maintained by Salzburg Mozarteum and The Packard Humanities Institute.
Mozart Family: Letters and Documents (1755-1879)
Website: https://dme.mozarteum.at/briefe-dokumente/online-edition
The Salzburg Mozarteum, which houses the correspondence of Mozart's father, sons, widow, and other musicians is digitized in date order.
In Mozart's Words
Website: http://letters.mozartways.com
In Mozart’s Words provides multilingual access to an annotated version of the voluminous correspondence of Mozart and his family (a corpus of approximately 1,400 letters) that will be made available online on this website. The website offers (1) a univocal database of all references to people, places, and musical works contained in the letters, facilitating the systematic search of all cited occurrences, and (2) access to background materials such as reviews, newspapers, documents, objects, paintings, engravings, and books as a corollary to the historical-critical annotations. The texts are synonymous with those of Cliff Eisen's online edition of Mozart's correspondence (2011: ISBN 9780955787676).
Mozart: New Documents
Website: https://sites.google.com/site/mozartdocuments/home
The aim of this collaborative project, managed by Dexter Edge and David Black, is to bring documentation not reported in musicological literature to public attention. Some items have been retrieved from large repositories of digitized text. A chornological list of posted documents can be found here.
Ricordi Historical Archives: Verdi Correspondence and Memorabilia
Website: https://www.ricordi.com/en-US/Ricordi-Archive.aspx
As one example of its holding, the Verdi Letters Collection (1786 of 2092), which includes correspondence and scenery designs, pertains to Verdi and his dealings with Giovanni, Tito, and Giulio Ricordi. It includes negotiations with librettists and others concerning casting, staging, and other production details, 1849-1893. One letter (1897) is from Giacomo Puccini. Other holdings trace productions of Verdi's works across Europe and cite relatively recent stagings, sometimes with photographs of the productions.
Saramusic (Arabic manuscripts and texts on music)
Website: https://www.saramusik.org/auteurs/ Saramusic
The Saramusic website is in Arabic. The left-hand button on the homepage leads to an "Auteur" (author) listing, while the right-hand one produces a list of texts. The materials are carefully curated, with color-coding to distinguish different categories of information. The Google Translate tool (translate.google.com) is able to render the (paleo)graphical content easily, which speaks well for its careful preparation. Further information is available from Anas Ghrab (anas.ghrab@gmail.com).
Schenker Documents Online
Website: http://www.southampton.ac.uk/music/research/projects/schenker_documents_online_project.page
Schenker Documents Online (Southampton University) provides a scholarly edition of Heinrich Schenker's correspondence, teaching notes, and translations of materials in German that help to show the gestation and development of his ideas. It concentrates on the period 1925-1930.
Franz Schubert Online
Website: http://www.schubert-online.at
Schubert Online offers combined access to a total of 555 autograph scores, letters, and other documentation on Schubert. Much of the work was facilitated by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund [WWTF or Wiener Wissenschafts-, Forschungs- und Technologiefonds]. The holdings covered come from Vienna's City Hall [Rathaus], the Austrian National Library, the State Library of Berlin, and the National Library of Norway, with intellectual contributions from the Music and Psychology program in Cologne and the Musicology Institute at the University of Vienna. Full-text search is supported for the letters. Deutsch Numbers are used for the music manuscripts. In most cases copies of manuscripts must be ordered from the holding library.
Ludwig Senfl Online
Website: http://www.senflonline.com
The most important composer in Bavaria in the first half of the sixteenth century, Ludwig Senfl (c. 1490-1543) spent almost all his life in the Munich court chapel, first as a choirboy, then as a musician and composer. Polyphonic incipits in mensural notation are among the items that can be retrieved by genre, voicing, and so forth. Cross-linked to DIAMM.
Louis Spohr Correspondence
Website: https://www.spohr-briefe.de
Between 1803 and the end of his life, Louis (Ludwig) Spohr (1786-1859) was constantly in touch family members, composers, conductors, and other musicians. The Kassel University Library has digitized his correspondence. Spohr composed roughly 300 works (half did not carry opus numbers). They included symphonies, operas, Lieder, and other genres. A violinist and conductor, Spohr is credited with the invention of the chinrest, the conductor's baton, and rehearsal letters but is remembered partly for his influential Violinschule. His autobiography is unpublished. His self-portrait (c. 1830) is shown here.
Giuseppe Verdi Correspondence (Braidense Library)
Website: https://www.ricordi.com/it-IT/News/2017/01/Images-critical-editions.aspx
This archive contains high diverse materials documenting the lives of Bellini, Puccini, Verdi, and several other composers active in Milan in the nineteenth century. Among the featured items are Verdi's letters (1838–1883), especially those concerning the countess Clara Maffei and Verdi's wife, Giuseppina Strepponi. The materials were digitized and placed online for the Verdi centenary in 2013 by the Braidense National Library (in Milan). See also the Arrigo Boito Archives above.
Digitized Manuscripts and Early Printed Music
Danish National Digital Sheet Music Archive
Website: http://www.kb.dk/en/nb/samling/ma/digmus/index.html
The Danish National Digital Sheet Music Archive is a model operation. Note the frame at the left, which identifies all digitized music; a special collection for flute; another for guitar; and the entire Carl Nielsen Edition available for download. Although Danish music is well served, the site includes a great deal more, including eighteenth-century manuscripts, standard repertory in high-quality late nineteenth-century prints, and a special theater collection including opera libretti.
Darmstadt University and State Library Digital Manuscript Collection
Website: Darmstadt USL Digital
This collection is rich in musical autographs by Christoph Graupner (1683-1760), who served the Landgrave Ernst Ludwig of Hesse-Darmstadt (1667-1739) for decades and produced enormous quantities of music throughout his tenure. He was well informed about the music of his peers and often arranged their works for his court's use. Florian Heyerich maintains a complementary [www.graupner-digital.org Graupner website].
Early Music Online
Early Music Online is a digital repository of music in printed anthologies principally from the sixteenth century. Based on holdings in the British Library and related to one series of RISM listings, the digitized volumes of EMO include madrigals, sacred songs, music "concerted by voices and instruments," and pedagogical works.
National Library of Scotland
Website: http://digital.nls.uk/special-collections-of-printed-music/pageturner.cfm?id=97135481
These digitized sources provide access to digitized copies of the Inglis collection of printed music, memoirs, lyrics to Scottish folksongs, musical magazines, and Scottish keyboard music.
Singakademie Music Archives
The collection of mainly eighteenth-century vocal music belonging to Berlin's Singakademie since the time of Karl Friedrich Zelter was long dislodged by twentieth-century wars and politics. The institution's history is the focus of a project to digitize letters, documents, and materials on which prospective applications were tested. The Singakademie is also a participant in the Bach Digital and other projects related to music and musical culture of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Online Thematic Catalogues and Indices
The Bizet Catalogue
Website: http://digital.wustl.edu/bizet
![](/images/thumb/2/2a/Bizet.png/260px-Bizet.png)
Every repertory has idiosyncrasies that make the adoption of a standard template ill-advised. Hugh Macdonald's Bizet Catalogue shows one of Bizet's idiosyncrasies through a listing of the composer's transcriptions of works by others (Gounod, Mozart, Saint-Saëns, et al.). The primary listing of works gives folio-by-folio detail of manuscripts for longer works with texts of underlying verses and notes on their authors, citations of self-borrowings, and much else.
Benjamin Britten Thematic Catalogue
![](/images/thumb/f/f4/Britten-telegrams-1935.png/350px-Britten-telegrams-1935.png)
Website: http://www.brittenproject.org
The Britten Thematic Catalogue, an online only project based at the Britten-Pears Foundation, provides multiple access points for searching. Britten's career was extremely wide-ranging. His arrangements of music by Henry Purcell (54 titles) and of British folksongs (74 titles) filled much of his time in the 1940s and early '50s. The full gamut stretches from chamber music (134 items) mainly from the 1920s to his stage work Death in Venice (1973). Each work contains a detailed index with a graphical display and sound files.
Chambonnières: A Thematic Catalogue
Website: http://sscm-jscm.org/instrumenta/instrumenta-volumes/instrumenta-volume-1
Bruce Gustavson's Chambonnières: A Thematic Catalogue. The Complete Works of Jacques Champion de Chambonnières (1601/02–1672) appears as Vol. 1 in the Instrumenta series of the Society for Seventeenth-Century Music. The series is digital only and is dedicated to voluminous music bibliographies.
Frescobaldi Thematic Catalogue Online
Website: http://frescobaldi.music.duke.edu
This database, developed by Alexander Silbiger at Duke University, has a multi-faceted search interface. It is cross-linked to RISM IDs and has detailed source listings. (Content tends to vary slightly by source.) The general time-frame indicator gives a sense of the long tradition of recopying that followed the composer's works. Links to printed commentaries and modern editions are provided. Currently 906 works are included.
GWV - Graupner-Werke-Verzeichnis (Thematic Catalogue of the Works of Christoph Graupner)
Website: http://www.graupner-digital.org/gwv.php
This online catalog of works for Christoph Graupner (1683-1760) contains links to his digitized manuscripts at the Technische Universität in Darmstadt. After studies at the Thomas Schule, Leipzig, and a stint as cembalist of the Hamburg Opera orchestra (from 1705), Graupner was called to the service of Ernst Ludwig of Hesse-Darmstadt (1709). He remained there for the rest of his life. His numerous works (1,418 church cantatas, 24 secular cantatas, 113 symphonies, 44 solo concertos, 80 suites, miscellaneous chamber music, and eight operas) are largely preserved in the Darmstadt University and (Hessian) State Library. Links on the left lead to manuscript reproductions, those on the right to commercial recordings and editions. Florian Hayerick directs the project.
J.P.E. Hartmann Catalogue (Thematic-Bibliographic Catalogue of His Works)
Website: http://www.kb.dk/dcm/hartw/navigation.xq
Among his 590 compositions, Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann (1805-1900) demonstrated his mastery of all current genres (stage, choral, instrumental, organ, and vocal music) during his long lifetime. Although of German descent, he spent almost all of his life in Copenhagen. Louis Spohr and Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse were important influences. He was also acquainted with Fryderyk Chopin, Gioachino Rossini, and Luigi Cherubini. This presentation color-codes each genre so that as users pass down the list of his works, they can easily recognize changes of boundary without being trapped by them. Within each genre, listings are organized alphabetically.
Franz Liszt: Digital Liszt Sources and Works Catalog)
Website: https://www.uni-heidelberg.de/en/newsroom/franz-liszt-digital
This recently launched project to catalogue all Lizst (1811-1885), based at the University of Heidelberg, emphasizes resources in Dresden and Weimar, where the composer spent some periods of his life. Christiane Wiesenfeldt is the director. Liszt's father ws a musician in the Esterhazy court in Sopron (Hungary today, Austria then). He is remembered today for his many innovations in musical form and harmony and for his many friendship with composers and writers. Some early fruits of the project have been made available by RISM. See Lizst resources listed by RISM.
Catalogue of Carl Nielsen's Works
![](/images/thumb/9/90/Nielsen_MasKarade-Ov-1905.png/400px-Nielsen_MasKarade-Ov-1905.png)
Website: http://www.kb.dk/dcm/cnw/navigation.xq
The Danish National Library has prepared this online catalogue of 414 pieces, including operas, symphonies, and concertos plus vocal, choral, and chamber pieces. Each entry includes musical incipits, lists of sources and sketches, citations for textual sources, and lists of performances.
In association with the Nielsen Catalogue, implemented by Axel Teich Geertinger, an editing tool for metadata used in similar projects has been developed by Sigfrid Lundberg and can be downloaded from GitHub. Based on MEI, the foundation of MerMEId was laid by Kristine Richts and Maya Hartwig. Further details about MerMEId and a sample implementation can be found at this site.
Johann Adolph Scheibe: A Catalogue of his Works
Website: http://www.kb.dk/dcm/schw/navigation.xq
The son of an organ-builder, Johann Adolph Scheibe (1708-1776) studied law in Leipzig prior to pursuing a career in music. During a short stint in Hamburg, where he met Johann Mattheson, Schiebe began his periodical Der Critische Musicus (1737-1740). It lapsed after his move (1739) to Copenhagen, where he served as court Kapellmeister first under the pious Christian VI, then under the more liberal Frederick V. Apart from his criticism, theoretical works, satires, and letters, Scheibe authored 80 instrumental pieces, a few dozen secular vocal works, a handful of stage pieces, songs, poems, text translations, and a few satires. This catalogue of holdings, produced by the Danish National Library, includes digitized images of them.
Printed music resources
Prices of Music at Breitkopf & Härtel
Website: https://dstrykowski.shinyapps.io/pricesofmusic
In a great wave of music publishing in the nineteenth century, Breitkopf & Härtel of Leipzig was a leader. This website offers titles of sheet-music and their prices as listed in the monthly supplement called the Intelligenz-blatt zu Algemeine musikalische Zeitung over the period 1798 to 1838. This data set contains 6,405 advertisements for the music of approximately nine hundred composers and arrangers. Details gathered from the publication lists include the issue number, date of advertisement, name of composer or arranger, title of publication (often with key and instrumentation), and price as quoted in Saxon thalers and groschen.
Verzeichnis deutscher Musikfrühdrucke / Catalogue of early German printed music
Website: https://vdm-maps.zgis.at
When it comes to offering multiple views of data (in this collected for cataloguing), the Verzeichnis/Catalogue of Early Printed music in German-speaking lands (1470-1550) offers an apt demonstration. Eight views, each focusing on a different aspect of the material, are presented. The charts are interactive, and by clicking on them further detail arrives in pop-ups.
Ethnomusicology
Images, sound files, and videos on the internet offer great scope for ethnomusicological study, but much of the material is limited to poorly documented materials with arbitrary labels. Only selected sites can be included here.
OSMIKON
This search engine (in German) for literature on world music concentrates on music from South, Central, and Eastern Europe but covers myriad other places (Bolivia, Bulgaria, Vietnam, Bollywood dance) and theoretical perspectives on a broad range of topics. It forms part of the Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Osteuropa (Virtual Library of Eastern Europe). Searches for the word "Musik" serve as an orientation.
Philippine Indigenous Instrument Sounds (Katunog)
Website: https://katunog.asti.dost.gov.ph
This database of sounds, hosted by the Department of Science and Technology of the Advanced Science and Technology Institute (DOST-ASTI), University of the Philippines (UP), provides photographs, descriptions of indigenous instruments and how they are played, together with sound samples synchronized with animated illustrations. The site provides substantial amounts of metadata and selected videos of performances.
UNC Middle Eastern Music
![](/images/thumb/3/3e/OldPersian.png/200px-OldPersian.png)
![](/images/thumb/b/b6/ModPersianTransc.png/180px-ModPersianTransc.png)
Website: http://guides.lib.unc.edu/c.php?g=9254&p=45825
The University of North Carolina offers top-down collections of selected repertories from Egyptian, Turkish, Iraqi, and classical Persian music. Each site varies from the others. Explanatory material concerning composers, instruments, styles, and cultural emphases are general to most. The Farabi site also discusses theoretical concepts in Persian classical music. The Turkish one contains many sound examples.
Tunisian Recordings (CMAM)
Website: http://phonotheque.cmam.tn/archives/full_access_items
The phonothèque of the Centre des Musiques Arabes et Méditérranéennes (CMAM) offers access to almost 2,500 recordings of Tunisian music in its Ennejma Ezzahra website. Dates of recordings, which are predominately from recent decades, are given in an accompanying database. Titles are given in Arabic script and in transliteration. The recording entity and the sponsor are also indicated.
Resources for Chronology
Music Bibliography in the German Democratic Republic
Website: http://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/2258/1/cache.off
Music Bibliography in the German Democratic Republic (Deutsche Demokratische Republik or DDR, 1949–1990) is an idiosyncratic subject but one which those engaged in music history of the later twentieth century may find compelling. The illustration accompanying this entry shows the full title of a typescript catalogue of new works (scores, writings on music theory, books, articles, and much miscellany) for the year 1975. This item can be found here.
Hofmeister XIX
Website: http://www.hofmeister.rhul.ac.uk/2008/index.html
Database of 330,000 records from the Hofmeister Monatsberichte, 1829-1900, listing music publications of the period. Compiled by Friedrich Hofmeister and published in Leipzig by Breitkopf & Härtel. Well indexed for quick searches.
Libretto Portals
![](/images/thumb/b/be/Rinucc-Arianna-1639.png/200px-Rinucc-Arianna-1639.png)
Corago Project
Website: http://corago.unibo.it
The Corago website contains multiple indices related to the history of opera. The libretto search engine is a comprehensive tool for locating information about librettos in catalogued collections. Hyperlinks to digitized librettos (see below) are inserted as appropriate. A database of productions continues up to present times. Clicking in the top row of the results orders results according to user preferences.
Corago is a collaborative project headed by Angelo Pompilio. Institutional cooperation is provided by almost two dozen institutions in Northern Italy. The two largest libretto collections included are the Corniati-Algarotti (12,000 librettos) listed separately below and that of the Museo Internazionale e Biblioteca della Musica (11,000 librettos) in Bologna. Corago is the central search-engine for digitized libretti in the Bologna collection, but other pertinent materials can be found here.
Corniani-Algarotti Libretto Collection
Website: http://www.braidense.it/cataloghi/catalogo_rd.php
Although the search form shows only four fields, the name field (nome) will accept almost any proper noun (surname of composer, librettist, scenographer, city, theater, etc.). Most sources are digitized and downloadable. This collection holds 9,000 libretti (in Italian) from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. Some were published and used outside Italy. Most texts were for operas, but oratorio, cantata, and serenata texts can also be found.
Russian Opera Libretti
The Russian Opera Libretti collection at Princeton University contains scripts for operas published between 1815 and 1916. Most works are well known. Works set to music by Donisetti, Meyerbeer, Mussorgsky, Scriabin, Tchaikovsky, Verdi, and Wagner are included.
Albert Schatz Collection (Library of Congress)
Website: https://www.loc.gov/collections/albert-schatz/about-this-collection
The Rostock music dealer Albert Schatz (1839-1910) intended to write a history of opera based on primary sources. Although this goal was not realized, the donation of his sources and notes to the Library of Congress more than a century ago (1908) has long been a valuable offline resource. Scanned copies of more than 12,000 libretti, primarily representing Italian, French, and German prints of the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries, have now been placed online. The printed catalog of the collection by Oscar Sonneck is well known. Various filters can be found here.
VifaMusik Libretto Portal
Website: http://libretti.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/start/static.html
The new (2014) VifaMusik Libretto Portal searches across component collections held in the Bavarian State Library (5600 items), the Frankfurt University Library, and the Library of the German Institute in Rome (1500 titles). One can search by composer, librettist, and so forth. Since the term libretto referred to any small book, texts for oratorios, cantatas, serenatas, ballets, and so forth occur in some of the constituent collections.
Index to Opera and Ballet Sources Online
Website: https://atom.lib.byu.edu/obps/
Portals and Search Engines for Music
![](/images/thumb/2/2b/Recorder-intro_648896.jpg/200px-Recorder-intro_648896.jpg)
e-manuscripta
Webite: e-manuscripta
This comprehensive portal for materials in Swiss libraries serves scores, photographs, letters, pedagogical materials, and much else. The five-leaf recorder tutor (from a sixteenth-century manuscript) shown at the side represents its heterogeneity, which also extends to sixteenth-century part-books, organ tablatures, correspondence by Martin Luther, photographs of Ferruccio Busoni, and a thousand maps.
Europeana: Search Engine for European (Music) Sources
Website: Europeana
This umbrella site for European digitization projects covers a great deal besides music. To start, limit the search by an obvious word for music (musique, musica, Musik, etc.). This will give you an idea of how to further limit the search. Europeana is updated often. Among the items that should be visible are music prints, manuscripts, newspapers dedicated to music, sheet-music, audio files, etc. Since Europeana is an aggregation, it provides links back to the sponsoring libraries that hold the original sources. The site can be searched in many languages.
Gallica
Website: Gallica
Gallica provides access to an enormous array of digitized materials from all periods of French history and many aspects of French musical life in addition to great quantities of non-musical material. Among its highlights are illuminated manuscripts contained the poetry (much of it set to music) by Guillaume Machaut), manuscripts of the operas Francesco Cavalli composed for the wedding of Louis XIV, a very large amount of music printed in France in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and important documentation for theatrical history.
The Internet Culturale
Website: Internet Culturale
An umbrella site for digitized materials in Italian libraries. The riches of Italy's collective Internet Culturale (cultural internet) are difficult to overstate. A vast span of different kinds of graphically reproduced material will be found here. All of it is accompanied by generous supplies of metadata from cataloguing records. While one may be able to find a specific item such as an , one may also discover on a different spoke a long list of all the works in which the singer of aria appeared. Users can create accounts to keep previous discoveries collected in one place.
Munich Digital Manuscript Collection
Website: Munich Digital Library Manuscripts
The collection of digital materials grows so rapidly that any listing of individual collections within it is doomed to be inadequate. Several project are cooperative. The historical emphasis is on Middle Ages and Renaissance, with much emphasis on religious figures and documents (e.g. at Europeana Regia). A combined search engine (http://www.digital.collections.de) for all the digitized materials in the Bavarian State Library is currently under development.
Peachnote Music n-Gram Viewer
Website: Peachnote n-Gram Viewer
MIDI-based search by string.
RISM Music Manuscript Inventory
Website: RISM Music Manuscript Inventory
This inventory of musical manuscripts in the libraries of roughly 60 countries was begun in 1952. It is still growing (under the management of the Répertoire International des Sources Musicales). The online implementation occurs in the Bavarian State Library. RISM's numerous virtues are easily discovered through this search engine, which came online in 2011 and undergoes continuous development. A RISM blog keeps registered users informed of current activities. RISM has working groups on most continents. Much material that is currently contained in RISM books will (with updating) likely find its way online over the coming years. Those interested in contributing to RISM's efforts can find a local representative by consulting this list.
Themefinder: Music-Incipit Search
Website: Themefinder
Related literature: "Search-Effectiveness Measures for Symbolic Music Queries in Very Large Databases" (Craig Stuart Sapp, Yi-Wen Liu, and Eleanor Selfridge-Field)]
The Themefinder search engine was prototyped at CCARH in 1996 by David Huron, Andreas Kornstädt, and Walter B. Hewlett. A large number of Stanford University students including Unjung Kim and Leigh VanHandel plus visiting students including Bret Aarden participated in its early development. The search engine was originally developed to study user behavior. Over the intervening years it has been used for a large statistical study of search-efficiency. The current search engine is by Craig Stuart Sapp.
Themefinder contains several repertories, most of which are publicly viewable and searchable. The principal repertories are Folk, Classical, and Renaissance. Although more than 100,000 incipits and associated metadata are present in the database, users may select just one. "Hits" satisfying search-criteria can be collected on the Themefinder Clipboard and can be exported.
Incipits can be searched at five points on a continuing from the most specific to the fuzziest. Filter for meter, mode, and key may be used. MIDI files are available for each entry. Help menus area available at the website. Those interested in contributing an encoded repertory to Themefinder should describe the existing repertory and format in a query letter.
Music Theory Resources
Additional materials can be found on the homepage of the Center for the History of Music Theory and Literature at Indiana University, available at CHTML, the Center for the History of Music Theory and Literature.
Early Music Theory
Website: Early Music Theory
Early Music Theory subsumes the new digital edition of the works of Johannes Tinctoris. Twelve treatises are listed on the earlier Stoa site, and three are viewable.
German writings on music theory and musical institutions
Website: Writings on Music Theory
This digitized collection (176 titles) from the Bavarian State Library emphasizes works printed between 1516 (Glareanus, Basel) and 1900. It includes a number of books related to individual theaters (mainly German).
Lexicon musicum Latinum
Website: Lexicon musicum Latinum
This lexicon of musical terminology up to c. 1600 extends to evidence of speech, literary references, music-theory manuscripts, and first lines of tracts.
Monuments of Partimenti
Website: Monuments of Partimenti
Robert Gjerdingen's online website for partimenti introduces the basic approach to improvisation and composition based on suggestive figured-bass sketches that survive, according to the seminal work of Giorgio Sanguinetti's The Art of Partimento (2012), in abundance from the eighteenth century. The website is still under development, but between the materials available here and the companion site linked to the book (above), users can form an elementary notion of the practice.
Saggi Musicali Italiani
Website: Saggi Musicali Italiani (SMI)
A collection of encoded music-theory treatises modeled on the original TML design. Now headed by Andreas Giger. Sources from the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries are currently available.
Thesaurus Musicarum Latinarum
Website: Thesaurus Musicarum Latinarum (TML)
The TLG, based at Indiana University School of Music, was begun in 1990 and extensively developed by Thomas Mathiesen, with the collaboration of many scholars in the US and abroad. TML was one of the earliest databases (and likely to earliest in musicology) to be fully searchable in a single pass.
While this database is exclusively devoted to writings in Latin from antiquity to the seventeenth century, the rise of parallel efforts for digitizing the texts of music-theoretical writings in modern languages spawned several parallel efforts, which are now subsumed under the title CHTML (the Center for the History and Theory of Music Literature). Giuliano Di Bacco, who now heads the project, is at work on new digital approaches to structuring and searching the material.
Thesaurus Musicarum Italicarum
Website: Thesaurus Musicarum Italicarum (TMI)
Frans Wiering's Thesaurus Musicarum Italicarum, which is entirely separate from the TLG, representeda second incarnation of his CD-ROM encodings of all the treatises of Gioseffe Zarlino (1995). The CD offered all the musical examples as MIDI and DARMS files as well as modern notation. Its viability was undermined by the evolution of operating systems in the early 2000s. Other works of Italian music theory from the decades following Zarlino were encoded subsequentlyby students at Utrecht University.
Traités français sur la musique
Website: Traités français sur la musique
This website, based on the model of the TML, offers encoded texts of French music theory principally postdating the year 1600. Peter Slemon is the originator and director. To subscribe, please visit the website.
Historical Audio and Video (Film)
The history of performed music is a compelling interest of a growing sector of musicology. Incremental changes in the retrospective reach of copyright in the several countries that were most active in early recording activities inhibit public access to exemplars. Work proceeds nonetheless. Only sites with accessible material are listed here.
The Edison Recorded Sound Archive
Website: Edison Recorded Sound Archive
This collection, administered by the US National Park Service (Thomas Edison's lab is classified as a national historic park), holds 11,000 cylinder recordings and 38,000 disc recordings from the years 1898-1929. Some recordings have been reissued on CDs. In general users may request the copying of one recording at the time. No online access is currently provided from this site, but some materials can be found at other sites. The Archive is rich is related holdings, including black-and-white photographs of early performers (c. 5,000) and correspondence.
Three hundred forty-one silent films made by the Edison company between 1898 and 1912 can be found at the Library of Congress's Inventing Entertainment website.
The Emile Berliner Collection
Website: The Emile Berliner Collection
The inventor of the microphone and the disc recording, Emile Berliner (1847-1929) is survived by 400 documents and 118 sound recordings in the Library of Congress. Like Edison, he experimented with film as well. Digitization of the collection is in progress.
Internet Archive 78RPMs
Website: Internet Archive 78 PRMs
Recordings mastered for 78 rpms (revolutions per minute) were produced prolifically from the 1920s into the 1950s. The Internet Archive collection includes cylinder recordings and 78s. It is searchable in several ways. The download statistics shows that the most popular holdings are songs sung by Enrico Caruso, Bill Murray, Edith Piaf, and Al Jolson. Current holdings number 13,200.
The National Jukebox (US)
Website: The National Jukebox
The National Jukebox, serving selected holding of the Library of Congress in Washington DC, certainly give the flavor of recording. Much of their material comes from the Victor Company (later RCA Victor) and the Berliner Company. It currently (2014) serves more than 10,000 works but remains a work in progress. A substantial range of popular and folk songs from c. 1900 reflects the great ethnic diversity of the U.S. in that era. Yet more than half the materials were recorded in Camden NJ (the home of the Victor Company). Users add the works they want to hear to a playlist and hear streamed examples (the best current workable solution to rites issues). Most available holdings are from the years 1900-1930.
New Zealand Pianola Site
Website: New Zealand Pianola Site
The New Zealand Pianola website is well-known to honky-tonk enthusiasts. Through painstaking research over many years, many hundreds of piano-roll performances have been captured in MIDI files of high quality. The user interface makes searches and launching sound files simple. The music comes mainly from the years 1900-1930. Zipped packages of files can be downloaded. At last reckoning 1040 files were available.
Historical Maps
British Historical Maps
Website: British Historical Maps
The National Archives (UK) hosts a large collection of maps and also has links to parallel materials with similar content.
David Rumsey Map Collection
Website: http://www.davidrumsey.com
Contents: 18th and19th century maps of the Americas. All maps are geo-encoded to facilitate geo-spatial and past-time applications.
Perry-Castañeda Historical Maps
Website: http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/index.html
Notable for its spatial and historical spread and the detail with which the maps are specified chronologically. Many sources are scanned from maps printed in then nineteenth (or earlier) century.
Newspapers
ANNO
Wesbite: Historical Austrian Periodicals and Newspapers
Newspapers were published in Austria on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Readers will be grateful for the calendars that introduce each year of the collection (e.g. for 1705) and also for the thumbnails of each page of every issue. Almost a century (1606-1703) remains to be added. The overall range is from 1568 to today.
"Chracas" Digitale: Il Diario di Roma
Website: Chracas Digitale
This "diary" of news flowing into Rome from all over Europe was introduced as the Diario d'Ungheria [the Diary of Hungary] in 1716. It followed the earlier pattern of weekly avvisi that reported military news. That model was soon replaced (1718) by the more culturally oriented Diario ordinario. Under this title it rapidly gained readership. By 1721 it was publishing three issues a week. Most contain 12 pages. In 1799 the title changed to the Diario di Roma. Chracas remained its publisher until 1894. At present issues from 1716 to 1760 have been digitized by the Biblioteca Casasnatense, Rome.
The Gazzette Bolognese
Website: Gazzette Bolognesi
The Gazzette Bolognesi have intended parallels with the Diario di Roma. Bologna was historically a papal state. It gathered the same news and valued it similarly, though occasionally with less emphasis on the affairs of cardinals. Because of larger page size the Gazzette could convey more news from more places. (The Gazzette had only four pages per issue.) This fully digitized series runs from 1645 through 1796.
Le Mercure galant
Website: Le Mercure galant
Many issues of Le Mercure and its analogues under variant titles (Le Mercure de France et al.) can be found be searching the Bibiliothéque National's Gallica website (as above). Single installments accrue steadily but some holes remain. User must be aware of the periodical's complex history of changes in title and differences of character that each portends.
Music Magazines
Musical Magazines
Start site: Musical Gazzettes
Almost 25,000 musical magazines published in Italy before the first world war have been digitized by the Centro internazionale di ricerca sui periodici musicali (The International Center for Research on Musical Periodicals) in Parma. Among there holdings the most prolific were Milan's Gazzetta Musicale di Milano, London's Musical Standard, and Paris's Revue et gazette musicale. The best way to find them from this start site is to use the filters for language and date of publication at the left.
The Phonographic Newspaper
Website: Phonographische Zeitschrift
The Photographische Zeitschrift (Phonographic Newspaper) was published on poor-quality paper from 1900 to 1938. It was subtitled "a fact sheet for the music- and speech-making industry". This site is under development (2014).
Large Text Corpora
Deutsches Text Archiv
Website: Deutsches Text Archiv
This carefully executed project aims to put the classic printed literature in German online. Its holdings are far better curated that the same titles in Google Books and other aggregation gateways. Optically recognized text is shown side-by-side with the original image. Books are categorized by century (according to date of publication). Contains dramas (Goethe), treatises (Karl Marx), autobiographies (Otto von Bismark), lyrics (Brockes, Klopstock), novels (Jean Paul), legal writings, local history, travel literature, theology, satire, and a long list of short-run early newspapers. The great strengths of the DTA include its internal search, its side-by-side view original and recognized text, and its tiered metadata structures.
Digital Libraries Gateway
Website: Collaborative Digital Libraries Gateway
This Library of Congress gateway for international projects gives an overview of collaborative projects with an American component and currently including Brazil, France, the Netherlands, and Siberia.
Medieval Nordic Text Archive
Website: Medieval Nordic Text Archive (MNTA)
The MNTA is a TEI-complaint collection of writings in old Scandinavian languages. It offers users an appropriate text font and an encoding manual for those who wish to collaborate.
Oxford Text Archive
Website: Oxford Text Archive (OTA)
The OTA was begun on mainframe computers with the curated encoding of texts important for the study of the languages and literatures both early and modern. Its website contains numerous links to tools and related projects.
Perseus
Website: Perseus
Perseus was originally developed by Gregory Crane at Tufts University with the aim of enabling students to focus on small portions of the classical literature encoded by PHI and the TLG. It subsequently expanded to incorporate many other aspects of classical civilization, including graphical explanations of textual references, as for example here. Its catalogue is online. It is now expanding into other cultures and later periods. For each of these a digital lexicon is available. This one is for Arabic-English translation.
PHI Latin Texts
Website: PHI Latin Texts
These classical Latin texts (200-c. 600 CE) encoded by the Packard Humanities Institute are easy to search. The search engine (also developed in-house) is focused on letter combinations and word proximity (see the and/or/near operators).
Rousseau Online
Website: Rousseau Online: Contents
Rousseau's writings contain countless items of interest. Here you can find the text of Pygmalion, Rousseau's Essay on Modern Music, his letters to Charles Burney and Messieur Raynal, the Dictionnaire de la Musique, and a host of miscellaneous writings from all periods of his life. The script is modern. ePub and PDF formats are both supported.
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae
Website: Thesaurus Linguae Graecae (TLG)
The TLG issues from a pioneering effort to develop tools for the computerized study of ancient Greek. This effort preceded the advent of personal computer by a decade. Because of the need for special fonts, the collection is still mainly distributed on CD-ROM. An abridged version of the TLG is now online. It requires the advance download of a viewing font. The TLG website is now linked to a searchable online version of the Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek-English Lexicon.
Image Resources
Digital Scriptorium
Website:Digital Scriptorium
Image database of medieval and renaissance manuscripts. Based at the University of California, Berkeley, it includes holdings from many US libraries, with extensive folio-specific information about each source.
Index of Christian Art
Website: Index of Christian Art
One hundred twenty thousand (120,000) images from public and private collections in the English-speaking world plus additional indicies; roughly 100,000 are available to public via fee-sbased institutional subscriptions. Holdings from early centuries of Christianity to 1550.
Songs of the Niebelungen
Website: Das Niebelungenlied
These poetic texts, considered to date from before 1280, display settings of the legends that inspired Richard Wagner. As is characteristic of those resources preserved for posterity in this period, the script is very carefully prepared, the vellum on which it is preserved obviously sturdy. Each Lied is illuminated by a carmine letter. The texts mention Sifriden (Siegfried), Prvnhilde (Brunhilde), Gvnther (Gunther), and others. The illustration shows the first three stanzas of "Wie Gvnther Sifriden zvo der hohzit bat" (No. 12 of 39). Later portions of the source contain religious songs (Klage).
Watermark Databases
Watermark examination provides a fundamental (analogue) method of sorting and ordering materials that are undated or lack a provenance. They are especially useful for clustering manuscripts by paper type. The combination of digital photography and tools for photographic editing can be combined with extensive existing research on paper-makers to shed new light on musical sources. The sites listed here include watermarks associated specifically with music manuscripts.
WZIS: Watermark Information System
Website: Wasserzeichen Informationssystem Deutschland
The WZIS is a project of extensive scope. Its goal is to compile a graphical database of watermarks used throughout Europe. The project is based at the Landesarchiv of Baden-Württemburg. A graphical watermark lexicon called Piccard is under development at the Stuttgart Hauptstaatsarchiv. Related lexicons of makers and mills have also been developed. A textual search form is also available. Although we are aware of many other digital collections of watermarks, this one stands out for its tight coupling with music manuscripts, particularly in the large collections of the Berlin and Dresden state libraries, which are in turn linked to the RISM OPAC.
Credits
2014 Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities, an affiliate of the Packard Humanities Institute, at Stanford University. Compilation and brief explanations by Eleanor Selfridge-Field (with contributions by many colleagues), technical implementation by Craig Stuart Sapp, and assistance by Ilias Chrissochoidis. Persistent URLs have been used where available. For contact information please use this link.