Humdrum lab 4

This lab introduces the digital scores of the Josquin Research Project

Download the data

First download the data by genre:

    cd ~/Desktop
    mkdir jrp
    cd jrp
    mkdir masses
    (cd masses; humsplit h://jrp/Zma)
    mkdir motets
    (cd motets; humsplit h://jrp/Zmo)
    mkdir songs
    (cd songs; humsplit h://jrp/Zso)

There are three basic genres: secular songs, religious songs (motets), and music for the mass ordinary.

You can also download works by composer, such as Jean Mouton:

    humsplit h://jrp/Mou

Ockeghem:

    humsplit h://jrp/Ock

Josquin securely attributed works:

   humsplit h://jrp/Joa

Josquin not securely attributed works:

   humsplit h://jrp/Job

All of Josquin works:

   humsplit h://jrp/Jos

Alternatively, the JRP database is available on github at https://github.com/josquin-research-project/jrp-scores

How much data is there?

How many files:

    cd ~/Desktop/jrp
    ls masses motets songs | grep krn | wc -l

(Github is more recent).

How many notes:

    cat */*.krn | extractx -i **kern | census -k

There are 803,046 notes

By genre:

   for i in masses motets songs
   do 
      echo "$i:"
      cat $i/*.krn | extractx -i **kern | census -k | grep "Number of notes"
   done

Masses	472,034
Motets	258,323
Songs	72,689

Longest songs:

  $ scordur songs/*.krn | sort -k 2 -nr | head -n 10

songs/Jos2918-Nymphes_des_bois__Requiem.krn:	1240
songs/Jos2720-La_belle_se_siet.krn:	1192
songs/Jos2713-Helas_madame.krn:	1144
songs/Jos2723-Lheure_est_venue__Circumdederunt_me.krn:	1048
songs/Jos3009-Regretz_sans_fin.krn:	1040
songs/Jos3011-Se_congie_prens.krn:	792
songs/Jos2905-Du_mien_amant.krn:	736
songs/Ort3006-La_mi_la_sol.krn:	728
songs/Ock3012-Ma_maistresse.krn:	680
songs/Jos2811-Dulces_exuviae.krn:	680

(units of quarter notes)

Shortest masses:

$ scordur masses/*.krn | sort -k 2 -nr | tail -n 10
masses/Ock1004.3a-Missa_Cuiusvis_toni-Kyrie-on_F.krn:	316 
masses/Ock1004.2a-Missa_Cuiusvis_toni-Kyrie-on_E.krn:	316
masses/Ock1004.1a-Missa_Cuiusvis_toni-Kyrie-on_D.krn:	316
masses/Ock1002a-Missa_Au_travail_suis-Kyrie.krn:	304
masses/Jos0904e-Missa_Rosina-Agnus.krn:	296
masses/Rue1005f-Missa_Ave_sanctissima_Maria-Loco_Deo_Gratias.krn:	288
masses/Jos0904d-Missa_Rosina-Sanctus.krn:	276
masses/Rue1020e-Missa_Nunca_fue_pena_mayor-Agnus.krn:	264
masses/Jos1312-Crucifixus.krn:	200
masses/Ock1001a-Kyrie_Gloria_Credo_Sine_nomine-Kyrie.krn:	144

Longest Sanctus sections of masses:

 $ scordur masses/*-Sanctus.krn | sort -k 2 -nr | head -n 10
masses/Ock1003d-Missa_Caput-Sanctus.krn:	2160
masses/Ock1005d-Missa_De_plus_en_plus-Sanctus.krn:	2052
masses/Agr1004d-Missa_Malheur_me_bat-Sanctus.krn:	1968
masses/Mou1020d-Missa_Da_pacem-Sanctus.krn:	1960
masses/Jos0302d-Missa_Da_pacem-Sanctus.krn:	1960
masses/Jos0902d-Missa_Mon_seul_plaisir-Sanctus.krn:	1832
masses/Rue1031d-Missa_Tous_les_regretz-Sanctus.krn:	1808
masses/Jos1102d-Missa_La_sol_fa_re_mi-Sanctus.krn:	1728
masses/Jos0901d-Missa_Malheur_me_bat-Sanctus.krn:	1728
masses/Jos0403d-Missa_Pange_lingua-Sanctus.krn:	1708

Final tone

 $ finalis songs/*.krn | sortcount
58	G 
36	D
27	A
13	F
10	C
7 	E
1	B-

One song with a final on B-flat.

Scale degrees

The music is not in major/minor modes as modern tonal music is conceived, so there is no key designations in the files. There is a script in Humdrum Extras which will add a key designation based on the final tone of the music so that scale degree information can be extracted from the scores:

$ finalis-tonic songs/Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn | less

Calculate scale degrees patterns of length 5 in the B-flat song:

$ finalis-tonic songs/Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn | deg -at | serialize | context -n 5 | ridx -H | sortcount
6	5 4 3 2 1
4	1 7 6 5 6
4	2 3 r 2 3
4	4 3 2 1 4
3	1 7 6 7 1
3	6 5 4 3 4
3	6 5 6 5 1
3	1 7 1 7 1
3	7 6 5 6 5
3	6 2 1 7 6

Calculate scale degrees for all songs:

$ finalis-tonic songs/Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn | deg -at | serialize \
         | grep -v = | context -n 5 | ridx -H | sortcount | head -n 10
6	5 4 3 2 1 
4	2 3 r 2 3
4	1 7 6 5 6
4	4 3 2 1 4
3	4 3 2 1 2
3	6 5 4 3 2
3	2 1 7 6 5
3	1 7 1 7 1
3	3 4 3 2 1
3	5 6 5 4 3

Length-5 scale degree patterns in songs:

$  finalis-tonic songs/* | extractx -i **kern | deg -at | serialize -L \
          | egrep -v '=|r' | context -n 5 | ridx -H | sortcount | head -n 10
427	5 4 3- 2 1
302	3- 2 1 7- 1
297	4 3- 2 1 7-
236	2 1 7- 6 5
219	2 3- 2 1 7-
219	1 2 3- 4 5
198	7- 6 5 4 5
196	1 2 3- 2 1
193	7- 1 2 3- 2
185	1 7- 6 5 4

Exercise: How do the most common scale-degree patterns compare to masses and motets?

Keyscape

The B-flat song has an interesting harmonic structure:

$ mkeyscape -ln Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn | convert - out.png; open out.png

Stronger focus on E-flat major triads in the first part, then more B-flat major chords in the second part.

You can browse keyscapes on kernscores: http://kern.humdrum.org/cgi-bin/browse?l=/jrp

(go to analysis section of individual works and then click on the entry for keyscape)

Sonority

The Humdrum Extras tool sonority can be used for basic triadic analysis of sonorities.

$ sonority Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn | ridx -H | sortcount | head -n 10
26	X
16	incmaj:0:B-
13	incmajx3:0:B-
12	incmaj:0:E-
11	maj:0:F
10	incmin:0:D 
9	maj:0:B-
8	maj:0:E-
8	note::B-
7 	incmin:0:G

Only roots:

  sonority -ra Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn | sed 's/qual/cdata/' | pbcopy

The "roots" of the first half of the piece:

$ myank -m 1-37 Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn | sonority | ridx -H | sortcount | head -n 10
12	X
7	maj:0:E- 
6	incmajx3:0:B-
6 	incmin:0:D
6	incmaj:0:E-
5	note::B-
5	maj:0:F
4	incmaj:0:B-
4	incmin:0:G
4	min:0:C

The "roots" of the second half of the piece:

$ myank -m 38-$ Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn | sonority | ridx -H | sortcount | head -n 10
14	X
12	incmaj:0:B-
7	maj:0:B-
7	incmajx3:0:B- 
6	maj:0:F
6	incmaj:0:E-
6	incmaj:1:E-
5	maj:1:F
4	incmin:0:D
4	note::F

Generalized sonorities

The Humdrum Extras tntype tool gives a generalized description of the sonorities.

First look at the notes that are present at each time position in the score:

   tntype -da Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn  | less

Then look at the sonorities in compact pitch class form:

   tntype -tna Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn  | tntype -da

Then look at the sonorities as a Forte enumeration:

    tntype -a Jos2724-Madame_helas.krn | tntype -tna  | tntype -da

=1-	=1-	=1-	=1-	=1-	=1-
0r	0F	0f	1-1	[5]	F
=2	=2	=2	=2	=2	=2
0BB-	1F	0f	2-5	[5A]	B- f
.	1F	.	2-5	[5A]	(B-) f
=3	=3	=3	=3	=3	=3
0BB-	[0B-	1f	2-5	[5A]	B- f
.	.	1f	2-5	[5A]	(B-) f
=4	=4	=4	=4	=4	=4
1BB-	0B-]	1.b-	1-1	[A]	B-
1BB-	.	.	1-1	[A]	B-
.	.	2a/	2-1	[9A]	a (B-)
=5	=5	=5	=5	=5	=5

Forte number 3-11A is a minor chord, and 3-11B is a major chord.

There are 351 chord "prototypes" (uniq transposable sets of 1 to 12 notes): https://www.scribd.com/document/237597049/Table-of-Pitch-Class-Sets

What are the generalized sonorities of the Motet genre:

$ tntype  * | ridx -H | sortcount -p | head -n 10
18.31	3-11B
17.68	3-11A
13.01	2-3
11.05	2-5
9.92	2-4
6.23	1-1
3.92	3-9
2.47	2-2
2.01	3-7A
1.93	3-10

18.31% of the sonorities are major triads, and 17.68% are minor triads. The next most common 3-note chord type is 3-9 which is a chord such as "C F G", 3-7A is a sonority such as "C D F", and 3-19 is a diminished triad such as "C E-flat G-flat".

Compare to Bach chorale sonorities:

$ tntype  ~/Desktop/chorales/*.krn | ridx -H | sortcount -p | head -n 10
35.09	3-11B
17.26	3-11A
9.07	4-27B
4.96	4-26
4.36	3-10 
4.26	3-9
2.8	4-20
2.52	4-27A
1.99	4-22A
1.95	3-7A

Major triads are twice as more likely in Bach chorales than minor triads (particularly because there are more chorales in major keys -- try analyzing major an minor separately).

Contextual analysis of sonorities

What chord types follow a 3-9 sonority in JRP Motets?

$ tntype *.krn | grep -v = | context -n 2 | grep ^3-9 | sortcount -p | head -n 10
47.44	3-9 3-11B
18.25	3-9 3-11A
14.31	3-9 2-5
4.41	3-9 2-3
3.8	3-9 2-4
2.81	3-9 3-10
1.95	3-9 3-9
1.61	3-9 4-23
1.08	3-9 3-7A 
0.81	3-9 1-1

Mostly 3-9 is going to 3-11B (major triad), then secondly to minor triad at 18.25%.

Compare to Bach chorales:

$ tntype ~/Desktop/chorales/*.krn | grep -v = | context -n 2 | grep ^3-9 | sortcount -p | head -n 10
57.36	3-9 3-11B
11.01	3-9 3-11A
6.36	3-9 3-9
5.89	3-9 4-27B
4.65	3-9 2-5
3.95	3-9 4-23
1.94	3-9 4-26
1.86	3-9 3-8A 
0.85	3-9 4-27A
0.85	3-9 2-4

Still mostly going to major sonorities.

What sonorities precede a 3-9 sonority:

$ tntype ~/Desktop/chorales/*.krn | grep -v = | context -n 2 | grep 3-9$ | sortcount -p | head -n 10
34.73	3-11B 3-9
21.01	3-11A 3-9
6.36	3-9 3-9
5.35	4-14B 3-9
4.65	4-22B 3-9
3.49	4-27B 3-9
2.64	4-26 3-9
2.33	4-20 3-9
2.17	4-27A 3-9
1.94	2-5 3-9

Usually a major sonority precedes a 3-9 sonority.

What about both before and after at the same time:

$ tntype ~/Desktop/chorales/*.krn | grep -v = | context -n 3 | grep " 3-9 " | sortcount -p | head -n 10
23.1	3-11B 3-9 3-11B
7.05	3-11A 3-9 3-11B
5.5	3-11A 3-9 3-11A
4.57	3-9 3-9 3-11B
3.02	4-14B 3-9 3-11B
2.71	3-11B 3-9 3-9
2.4	4-22B 3-9 3-11B
2.25	4-27B 3-9 3-11B
1.86	3-11B 3-9 4-27B
1.86	4-20 3-9 3-11B

Most often a 3-11B goes to 3-9 goes to 3-11B. Second most common is minor to 3-9 to major, then minor to 3-9 to minor.

dissonant

The dissonant Humdrum Extras tool was developed by Alex Morgan last year. This tool does two things: (1) identifies dissonances in the music (easy), and (2) labels the function of the dissonance (hard).

Try loading some JRP scores into the VHV editor, and type a line somewhere in the editor:

  !!!filter: dissonant --color

You should see some text labels and colored notes that are dissonant:

center|600px