Difference between revisions of "Josquin Project encoding standards"

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* The <font color=red><b>Title:</b></font> should contain the title of the work.  The NJE number should be given (after the title, or in the style used for the filename above?  It doesn't seem to add anything to have two naming systems.).  If there is a section name, then place a <i>space-dash-space</i> between the title of the work and the title of the section. In MusicXML, this field maps to <tt>score-partwise/movement-title</tt> text.  For example, a title might look like:
 
* The <font color=red><b>Title:</b></font> should contain the title of the work.  The NJE number should be given (after the title, or in the style used for the filename above?  It doesn't seem to add anything to have two naming systems.).  If there is a section name, then place a <i>space-dash-space</i> between the title of the work and the title of the section. In MusicXML, this field maps to <tt>score-partwise/movement-title</tt> text.  For example, a title might look like:
         0402-Missa_Gaudeamus-Sanctus
+
         0402d-Missa_Gaudeamus-Sanctus
 
* The <b>Subtitle:</b> field does not export into MusicXML (Finale 2009).
 
* The <b>Subtitle:</b> field does not export into MusicXML (Finale 2009).
 
* The <font color=red><b>Composer:</b></font> field should contain "Josquin" for those in blue, and "Josquin?" for the others.  Perhaps mark the certainty of the composer (<i>e.g.</i> spurious, attributed, suspected, <i>etc.</i>).  In MusicXML, this field maps to <tt>score-partwise/identification/creator@type=composer</tt> text.  
 
* The <font color=red><b>Composer:</b></font> field should contain "Josquin" for those in blue, and "Josquin?" for the others.  Perhaps mark the certainty of the composer (<i>e.g.</i> spurious, attributed, suspected, <i>etc.</i>).  In MusicXML, this field maps to <tt>score-partwise/identification/creator@type=composer</tt> text.  

Revision as of 00:29, 3 April 2011

Conventions for encoding Josquin music in Finale. See Hyperscribe notes for tips on settings in Finale for real-time entry. General guidelines for entering mensural music in modern notation in Finale are available here: (PDF, Microsoft Word).


Filenames

Only characters for POSIX portable filenames should be used. Allowable characters are "A" through "Z", "a" through "z", period ".", dash "-", and underscore "_".

Data filenames should be given names according to this convention: [NJE number][letter to indicate sections, if applicable]-[piece name, words separated by underscores]-[section (movement) name, if applicable]["-" + encoding variant, if applicable].

NJE (New Josquin Edition) volume and work numbers should be proceeded by a "0" if the number is less than 10. No dot between the volume and work number. For example Missa Gaudeamus, NJE 4.2, first section (Kyrie) is:

   0402a-Missa_Gaudeamus-Kyrie
  • If a filename contains an encoding variant, then there must be a movement-level name, which could be empty, resulting in two dashes before the variant text, such as:
  0402a-Missa_Gaudeaumus-Kyrie-JRP2008
  0402a-Missa_Gaudeaumus--JRP2008
  0402-Missa_Gaudeaumus--JRP2008
  • When an NJE catalog number contains a letter, that letter is added in uppercase, with any sectional labels given in lower case letters after any NJE catalog letter.
  • To encode slashes in filenames for titles, use two underscore characters to represent a slash:
  2918-Nymphes_des_bois__Requiem   for "Nymphes des bois/Requiem"
  • For works which do not have an NJE number, use 99 as the volume number, and an arbitrary work number (from 01 to 99). Arbitrary work numbers are assigned in the following list, with the NJE column listing an NJE number when it comes available:
codeNJETitle
99.1Missa Mi mi
99.2O bone et dulcissime Jesu (2vv)
99.3Regina celi (6vv, ed. Noble 1971)
99.4
99.5
...

Part names

  • Each part should have a part name. The part names should be spelled the same in all files and start with a capital letter, such as: Discantus, Cantus, Superius, Altus, Tenor, Contra, Bassus. If there are more than one voice for each vocal function, add a number after the name (with no space? to be decided when this happens), such as Tenor1, Tenor2.

Part names are located in the MusicXML export in: score-partwise/part-list/score-part@id="P1"/part-name text. P1 is the top part on the system, P1 is the second to top part on the system, etc..

Internal Documentation

The menu option File→File Info... opens up a window which contains information about the file. The title and composer(?) field should be filled in (red fields highlighted below). The blue highlighted fields are exported into MusicXML, so they can be used for some purpose.


File Info window in Finale 2009.
  • The Title: should contain the title of the work. The NJE number should be given (after the title, or in the style used for the filename above? It doesn't seem to add anything to have two naming systems.). If there is a section name, then place a space-dash-space between the title of the work and the title of the section. In MusicXML, this field maps to score-partwise/movement-title text. For example, a title might look like:
        0402d-Missa_Gaudeamus-Sanctus
  • The Subtitle: field does not export into MusicXML (Finale 2009).
  • The Composer: field should contain "Josquin" for those in blue, and "Josquin?" for the others. Perhaps mark the certainty of the composer (e.g. spurious, attributed, suspected, etc.). In MusicXML, this field maps to score-partwise/identification/creator@type=composer text.
  • The Arranger: field should contain the name of the encoder and the date of the encoding, e.g. "Jesse Rodin 2010/11/23". It maps in MusicXML to score-partwise/identification/creator@type=arranger text. If there is more than one encoder, such as when an older encoding is being reworked, add the second encoder after a semicolon, such as:
     Jesse Rodin; Victoria Chang 2011/03/28
     Jesse Rodin 2008; Victoria Chang 2011/03/28
  • The Lyricist: field should contain the name of the edition used for transcription (NJE, Smijers, Davison, Finscher, etc.). It maps in MusicXML to score-partwise/identification/creator@type=lyricist text.
  • The Copyright: field maps in MusicXML to score-partwise/identification/rights text (can be used for some purpose).
  • The Description: field does not export into MusicXML (Finale 2009).
  • The Score Name Insert: field does not export into MusicXML (Finale 2009).
  • The Created: field does not export into MusicXML (Finale 2009).
  • The Modified: field does not export into MusicXML (Finale 2009).

Mensural signs

  • Mensural signs do not need to be indicated for the following time signatures which are assigned these mensural signs.
   3/1 means MenCircle if no mensuration sign is given
   2/1 means MenCutC if no mensuration sign is given
  • Notate mensuration signs as an expression in Finale, using a CamelCase tag from the list below. The expression must be attached to the first note/rest after the mensuration sign.
  • Do not hide the time signature (Otherwise, it will not be exported in MusicXML data).
  • Rhythms are not reduced (see table below for Modern time signatures being used).
  • Don't distinguish between coloration triplets and a "3" sign.


For example, if the piece is in circle dot mensuration, then the time signature would be 9/2, and the expression "MenCircleDot" would be linked to the first note/rest after the location of the mensuration sign in the music. Here is a list of the CamelCase mensuration signs (subject to change):

CamelCase Meter Meaning
MenCircle 3/1 Perfect tempus, minor prolation
MenCircleDot 9/2 Perfect tempus, major prolation
MenC 2/1 Imperfect tempus, minor prolation (in older mensural systems MenC can instead mean imperfect tempus, major prolation)
MenCDot 6/2 Imperfect tempus, major prolation
Cut versions of above (add "Cut" just after "Men")
MenCutCircle 3/1 MenCircle in 2:1 ratio
MenCutCircleDot 9/2 MenCircleDot in 2:1 ratio
MenCutC 2/1 MenC in 2:1 ratio
MenCutCDot 6/2 MenCDot in 2:1 ratio
Mensural signs where beat is on breve rather than semi-breve
MenCircle2 3/0 perfect minor modus, imperfect tempus
MenCircle3 9/1 perfect minor modus, perfect tempus
MenC2 2/0 imperfect minor modus, imperfect tempus
MenC3 6/1 imperfect minor modus, perfect tempus
Cut versions of above
MenCutCircle2 3/0 MenCircle2 in 2:1 ratio
MenCutCircle3 9/1 MenCircle3 in 2:1 ratio
MenCutC2 2/0 MenC2 in 2:1 ratio
MenCutC3 6/1 MenC3 in 2:1 ratio
Other mensural signs
MenCReverse 2/0 4:3 proportion
Men3 3/1 3:2 proportion
Men3Over2 3/1 3:2 proportion, alternate style
Men2 2/0 2:1 proportion
MenCircleOver3 3/1
MenCutCircle3Over2 3/1 MenCutCircle symbol followed by 3/2
MenOWithinO 4:3 ratio (speed up 33%).
Alternate signs (not used in Josquin)
MenCircleTwoDot 3/1 same as MenCircle
MenCircleThreeDot 9/2 same as MenCircleDot
MenCTwoDot 2/1 same as MenC
MenCThreeDot 6/2 same as MenCDot
Italian trecento signs (not used in Josquin)
MenDivD .d.    divisio duodenaria (12 minims per breve)
MenDivN 9/2 .n.    divisio novenaria (perfect tempus, major prolation)
MenDivO .o.    divisio octonaria
MenDivP 3/1 .p.    divisio senaria perfecta (italica) (perfect tempus, minor prolation)
MenDivY 3/1 .y.    divisio senaria perfecta (italica) (perfect tempus, minor prolation)
MenDivSP 3/1 .s.p.  divisio senaria perfecta (italica) (perfect tempus, minor prolation)
MenDivSI 6/2 .s.i.  divisio senaria imperfecta (imperfect tempus, major prolation)
MenDivSG 6/2 .s.g.  divisio senaria imperfecta (gallica) (imperfect tempus, major prolation)
MenDivG 6/2 .g.    divisio senaria imperfecta (gallica) (imperfect tempus, major prolation)
MenDivI 6/2 .i.    divisio senaria imperfecta (gallica) (imperfect tempus, major prolation)
MenDivQ 2/1 .q.    divisio quaternaria (imperfect tempus, minor prolation)


To create and insert an expression:

  1. Click on the "mf" icon (Expression Icon) in the toolbar.
  2. Double click on the note/rest onto which the expression will be placed.
  3. Scroll to the bottom of the expression list and click on a text expression, such as dolce or agitato.
  4. Click on the button "Create Expressive Text..."
  5. In the Main tab, Text: field, type one of the CamelCase mensuration signs listed above.
  6. Click "OK" and then "Select" to insert the new expression (after an expression is created, you just need to select it and do not need to create another expression with the same text).
  7. Can be placed above the staff, if desired.

The resulting expression will be mapped to a <direction> in the MusicXML export, also showing the note to which it was attached (which occurs immediately after it), and the modern time signature found in the attributes section before the <direction> element:

Mencircle-expression.png


     <attributes>
       <divisions>1</divisions>
       <key>
         <fifths>0</fifths>
         <mode>major</mode>
       </key>
       
       <clef>
         <sign>G</sign>
         <line>2</line>
       </clef>
     </attributes>
     <sound tempo="120"/>
     <direction placement="below">
       <direction-type>
         <words default-y="-84" font-style="italic">MenCircle</words>
       </direction-type>
     </direction>
     <note default-x="104">
       <pitch>
         <step>C</step>
         <alter>1</alter>
         <octave>5</octave>
       </pitch>
       <duration>1</duration>
       <voice>1</voice>
       <type>quarter</type>
       <accidental parentheses="yes">sharp</accidental>
       <stem default-y="-50.5">down</stem>
     </note>

Here is what the MusicXML looks like when an expression is attached to a rest:

     <direction placement="below">
       <direction-type>
         <words default-y="-83" font-style="italic">MenC</words>
       </direction-type>
     </direction>
     <note default-x="246">
       <rest/>
       <duration>4</duration>
       <voice>1</voice>
       <type>whole</type>
     </note>

Musica ficta

  • Notate musica ficta as an accidental on the staff, but with parentheses, such as (). This can be done in Speedy Note Entry (or Simple Note Entry) by typing p while the cursor is on the note (or the note is highlighted).
  • Musica ficta markings do not need to be indicated on middle or ending notes of tied note groups.

Here is an example MusicXML note exported from Finale 2009 with a parenthesized accidental, with the attribute parentheses="yes" indicating the parentheses around the accidental:

<note default-x="106">
  <pitch>
    <step>C</step>
    <alter>1</alter>
    <octave>5</octave>
  </pitch>
  <duration>1</duration>
  <voice>1</voice>
  <type>quarter</type>
  <accidental parentheses="yes">sharp</accidental>
  <stem default-y="-50.5">down</stem>
</note>

Medial cadences

  • Place double bars (not final bars) after medial cadences (any cadence followed by a double bar or fermata that is not a final cadence).

Terminal notes

  • Longs (and occasionally Breves) which are not notated with their proper rhythmic duration (such as terminal Longs which are often truncated for visual reasons, including the non-existence of long notes in Finale) are marked with two possible articulations:
  1. > (accent) means that the original rhythmic level of the note is a long.
  2. ^ (marcato, or martellato) means that the original rhythmic level of the note is a breve.

In the MusicXML export here is what an explicit long looks like (as an accent mark on the note):

   <note default-x="82">
     <pitch>
       <step>F</step>
       <octave>4</octave>
     </pitch>
     <duration>4</duration>
     <voice>1</voice>
     <type>whole</type>
     <notations>
       <articulations>
         <accent default-y="-55" placement="below"/>
       </articulations>
     </notations>
   </note>

And an explicit breve mark (as a marcato [or martellato] mark) in MusicXML (called a strong-accent):

     <note default-x="184">
       <pitch>
         <step>F</step>
         <octave>4</octave>
       </pitch>
       <duration>4</duration>
       <voice>1</voice>
       <type>whole</type>
       <notations>
         <articulations>
           <strong-accent placement="above" type="up"/>
         </articulations>
       </notations>
     </note>

Sections and Inactive voices

  • Inactive voices are indicated by rests. The staff is then hidden in Finale.
  • Voice changes and other new sections within a piece are indicated with a text expression attached to the first note/rest in the section, e.g. "Section: Qui venit". If the section name is not clear, label it "Section:".