Music 253 - Revision history

Esfield: /* The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) */

2023-08-27T19:12:34Z

The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)

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	====The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)====		====The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)====
	The [http://music-encoding.org/home Music Encoding Initiative] ~~seeks to provide~~ non-commercial ~~standards for the~~ encoding of original musical sources such that the content of the original materials can ne represented as literally as possible . As a predecessor of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML HTML] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML XML], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language Standard Generalized Markup Language] can be viewed as the primogenitor of projects such as the Text Encoding Initiative ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_Encoding_Initiative TEI]) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Encoding_Initiative MEI]. MEI is an XML-based approach suited to the markup of both musical and partially musical materials (i.e., texts with interpolations of music).		The [http://music-encoding.org/home Music Encoding Initiative] serves non-commercial users in encoding graphical details of original musical sources such that the content of the original materials can be represented as literally as possible for publication online and in print. As a predecessor of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML HTML] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML XML], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language Standard Generalized Markup Language] can be viewed as the primogenitor of projects such as the Text Encoding Initiative ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_Encoding_Initiative TEI]) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Encoding_Initiative MEI]. MEI is an XML-based approach suited to the markup of both musical and partially musical materials (i.e., texts with interpolations of music).

	[http://music-encoding.org/documentation Documentation and sample encodings] are available here.		[http://music-encoding.org/documentation Documentation and sample encodings] are available here.

Esfield: /* Cross-domain interchange */

2023-08-27T18:51:25Z

Cross-domain interchange

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	====Cross-domain interchange====		====Cross-domain interchange====
	Attempts have been made to develop cross-domain interchange schemes~~, but to date none have been successful~~. The default "cross-domain" application is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI MIDI], to which we devote attention above. Since, however, MIDI represents only five parameters of music, its use in this capacity generally filters out other parameters from the original format, which must then be re-encoded in the new one.		Attempts have been made to develop cross-domain interchange schemes. The default "cross-domain" application is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI MIDI], to which we devote attention above. Since, however, MIDI represents only five parameters of music, its use in this capacity generally filters out other parameters from the original format, which must then be re-encoded in the new one. MusicXML, which is based largely on MuseData, is increasingly used for interchange between notation formats.

	==Applications of Musical Information==		==Applications of Musical Information==

Esfield: /* References */

2015-01-17T00:12:34Z

References

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	==References==		==References==
	1. [http://beyondmidi.ccarh.org/beyondmidi-600dpi.pdf <i>Beyond MIDI: The Handbook of Musical Codes</i>]], ed. Eleanor Selfridge-Field. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1997.		1. [http://beyondmidi.ccarh.org/beyondmidi-600dpi.pdf <i>Beyond MIDI: The Handbook of Musical Codes</i>], ed. Eleanor Selfridge-Field. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1997.

	2. Musical symbol ~~list (incomplete):~~ [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_symbols ~~http://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/List_of_musical_symbols]~~		2. Musical symbol [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_musical_symbols list]. N.B. Symbols used in music notation are constantly increasing in response to changes in musical style.

	3. Repp, Bruno. "Variations on a Theme by Chopin: Relations between Perception and Production of Timing in Music," <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance</i>, 24/3 (1998), 791-811 ~~[ http://www.brainmusic~~.~~org/EducationalActivitiesFolder/Repp_Chopin1998.pdf]~~		3. Repp, Bruno. [http://www.brainmusic.org/EducationalActivitiesFolder/Repp_Chopin1998.pdf "Variations on a Theme by Chopin: Relations between Perception and Production of Timing in Music"], <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance</i>, 24/3 (1998), 791-811.

	4. Steinbeck, Wolfram. <i>Struktur und Ähnlichkeit. Methoden automatisierter Melodienanalyse</i> (<i>Kieler Schriften zur Musikwissenschaft</i> 25). Habilitationsschrift. Kassel, 1982.		4. Steinbeck, Wolfram. <i>Struktur und Ähnlichkeit. Methoden automatisierter Melodienanalyse</i> (<i>Kieler Schriften zur Musikwissenschaft</i> 25). Habilitationsschrift. Kassel, 1982.

Craig: /* Typesetting Codes: CMN, MusiXTeX, Lilypond, Guido, ABCplus */

2015-01-07T20:58:20Z

Typesetting Codes: CMN, MusiXTeX, Lilypond, Guido, ABCplus

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	Two more collaborative programs for typesetting are Guido and ABCplus. [http://www.noteserver.org/salieri/nview/noteserver.html Guido] is designed for changeable typesetting instructions, for producing materials for websites, and for accommodating custom extensions. Fundamentals of Guido can be found at Craig Sapp's [[Guido_Music_Notation\|Guido tutorial]].		Two more collaborative programs for typesetting are Guido and ABCplus. [http://www.noteserver.org/salieri/nview/noteserver.html Guido] is designed for changeable typesetting instructions, for producing materials for websites, and for accommodating custom extensions. Fundamentals of Guido can be found at Craig Sapp's [[Guido_Music_Notation\|Guido tutorial]].

	ABCplus builds on the monophonic ABC code, which was originally developed for folksong melodies. Some of the history of the original code [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc_notation history] is recounted on a wiki page. Craig Sapp provides [~~http://wiki.ccarh.org/wiki/~~ABC_Plus brief instructions] for and comments on its use.		ABCplus builds on the monophonic ABC code, which was originally developed for folksong melodies. Some of the history of the original code [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc_notation history] is recounted on a wiki page. Craig Sapp provides [[ABC_Plus\|brief instructions]] for and comments on its use.

	====Polyphonic Codes: DARMS and SCORE====		====Polyphonic Codes: DARMS and SCORE====

Craig: /* Typesetting Codes: CMN, MusiXTeX, Lilypond, Guido, ABCplus */

2015-01-07T20:56:35Z

Typesetting Codes: CMN, MusiXTeX, Lilypond, Guido, ABCplus

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	The evolution of typesetting from metal through photo-offset to modern digital preparation and printing necessarily changed approaches to music printing. [http://lilypond.org/text-input.html Lilypond], a text-based engraving program, sits somewhat in the tradition of these earlier approaches.		The evolution of typesetting from metal through photo-offset to modern digital preparation and printing necessarily changed approaches to music printing. [http://lilypond.org/text-input.html Lilypond], a text-based engraving program, sits somewhat in the tradition of these earlier approaches.

	Two more collaborative programs for typesetting are Guido and ABCplus. [http://www.noteserver.org/salieri/nview/noteserver.html ~~Guido~~ Guido] is designed for changeable typesetting instructions, for producing materials for websites, and for accommodating custom extensions. Fundamentals of Guido can be found at Craig Sapp's [~~http://wiki.ccarh.org/wiki/~~Guido_Music_Notation Guido tutorial].		Two more collaborative programs for typesetting are Guido and ABCplus. [http://www.noteserver.org/salieri/nview/noteserver.html Guido] is designed for changeable typesetting instructions, for producing materials for websites, and for accommodating custom extensions. Fundamentals of Guido can be found at Craig Sapp's [[Guido_Music_Notation\|Guido tutorial]].

	ABCplus builds on the monophonic ABC code, which was originally developed for folksong melodies. Some of the history of the original code [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc_notation history] is recounted on a wiki page. Craig Sapp provides [http://wiki.ccarh.org/wiki/ABC_Plus brief instructions] for and comments on its use.		ABCplus builds on the monophonic ABC code, which was originally developed for folksong melodies. Some of the history of the original code [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abc_notation history] is recounted on a wiki page. Craig Sapp provides [http://wiki.ccarh.org/wiki/ABC_Plus brief instructions] for and comments on its use.

Esfield: /* For notation */

2015-01-07T20:44:22Z

For notation

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	Statistical measures give little guidance on the efficiency of various input methods. A claimed 90% accuracy rate means little if barlines are in the wrong place, clef changes have been ignored, text underlay is required, and so forth.		Statistical measures give little guidance on the efficiency of various input methods. A claimed 90% accuracy rate means little if barlines are in the wrong place, clef changes have been ignored, text underlay is required, and so forth.

	[[File:GuidoKeyboard.png\|425px\|thumb\|left\|Virtual keyboard used by the Guido Notation System. Pitch can be entered from it. Duration is specified from the menu of note values above the keyboard. The resulting code, which can also be written by hand, is shown in the upper window.]]		[[File:GuidoKeyboard.png\|425px\|thumb\|left\|Virtual keyboard used by the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUIDO_music_notation Guido Notation System]. Pitch can be entered from it. Duration is specified from the menu of note values above the keyboard. The resulting code, which can also be written by hand, is shown in the upper window.]]

	Visual prompts for data entry to a virtual keyboard may help novices come to grips with the complexity of musical data. Musicians are accustomed to grasping from conventional notation several features--pitch, duration, articulation--from one reading pass because a musical note combines information about these features in one symbol. However, computers cannot reliably decode these synthetic lumps of information.		Visual prompts for data entry to a virtual keyboard may help novices come to grips with the complexity of musical data. Musicians are accustomed to grasping from conventional notation several features--pitch, duration, articulation--from one reading pass because a musical note combines information about these features in one symbol. However, computers cannot reliably decode these synthetic lumps of information.

Esfield: /* The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI) */

2014-01-18T02:44:09Z

The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:44, 18 January 2014
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	====The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)====		====The Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)====
	The Music Encoding Initiative seeks to provide non-commercial standards for the ~~generalized~~ encoding of ~~materials containing music~~ such that the content of the original materials ~~is preserved~~ as literally as possible~~, while the preparation of new renderings is not inhibited~~. As a predecessor of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML HTML] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML XML], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language Standard Generalized Markup Language] can be viewed as the primogenitor of projects such as the Text Encoding Initiative ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_Encoding_Initiative TEI]) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Encoding_Initiative MEI]. MEI is an XML-based approach suited to the markup of both musical and partially musical materials (i.e., texts with interpolations of music).		The [http://music-encoding.org/home Music Encoding Initiative] seeks to provide non-commercial standards for the encoding of original musical sources such that the content of the original materials can ne represented as literally as possible . As a predecessor of both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML HTML] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML XML], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language Standard Generalized Markup Language] can be viewed as the primogenitor of projects such as the Text Encoding Initiative ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_Encoding_Initiative TEI]) and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Encoding_Initiative MEI]. MEI is an XML-based approach suited to the markup of both musical and partially musical materials (i.e., texts with interpolations of music).

	~~A tutorial on encoding with MEI has recently become~~ [http://music-encoding.org/~~support/MEI1st~~ available].		[http://music-encoding.org/documentation Documentation and sample encodings] are available here.

	====Cross-domain interchange====		====Cross-domain interchange====

Esfield: /* Plaine and Easie Code */

2014-01-18T01:26:55Z

Plaine and Easie Code

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:26, 18 January 2014
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	=====Plaine and Easie Code=====		=====Plaine and Easie Code=====
	The purpose of Plaine and Easie (P&E) code was to prepare virtual catalogues of musical manuscripts. It was designed to give an exact, complete description of every indication on a musical score. Although only incipits (beginning passages) are encoded, a P&E encoding might include a tempo and dynamics; grace notes, appoggiaturas, and other [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appoggiatura#Appoggiatura ornaments]; marks for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulation_(music) staccato and legato], and so forth. It will be based on the original, unedited music including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clef clef signs] rarely seen today and word spellings that may be obsolescent.		The purpose of [http://www.iaml.info/activities/projects/plain_and_easy_code Plaine and Easie (P&E)] code was to prepare virtual catalogues of musical manuscripts. It was designed to give an exact, complete description of every indication on a musical score. Although only incipits (beginning passages) are encoded, a P&E encoding might include a tempo and dynamics; grace notes, appoggiaturas, and other [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appoggiatura#Appoggiatura ornaments]; marks for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulation_(music) staccato and legato], and so forth. It will be based on the original, unedited music including [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clef clef signs] rarely seen today and word spellings that may be obsolescent.

	P&E has always been associated with the international [http://www.rism.info/ RISM ~~music-bibliographical~~ project~~], and particularly with the cataloguing of~~ music manuscripts from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. At this writing (~~August 2012~~) the online [http://opac.rism.info/index.php?id=2&L=1 RISM database] of manuscripts contains c. ~~800~~,000 entries, which come from more than 60 countries. ~~The project~~ was begun in 1952~~. Much of the material available online today was initially transcribed on paper~~. The database structure in which the musical data exists has more than a hundred text fields and is searchable in many ways. Links to the digitized manuscripts directly from the RISM listing are ~~uploaded~~ monthly.		P&E has always been associated with the international online catalogue of (notated) music sources developed by [http://www.rism.info/ RISM]. The online project was originally focused on music manuscripts from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, but parallel projects initially committed to paper are scheduled to appear online. At this writing (January 2014) the online [http://opac.rism.info/index.php?id=2&L=1 RISM database] of manuscripts contains <i>c</i>. 875,000 entries, which come from more than 60 countries. This constellation of projects was begun in 1952. The database structure in which the musical data exists has more than a hundred text fields and is searchable in many ways. Links to the digitized manuscripts directly from the RISM listing are updated monthly.

	====Typesetting Codes: CMN, MusiXTeX, Lilypond, Guido, ABCplus====		====Typesetting Codes: CMN, MusiXTeX, Lilypond, Guido, ABCplus====

Craig at 06:09, 13 January 2014

2014-01-13T06:09:22Z

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	See also the [[Music 253/CS 275a ~~Winter 2014~~ Syllabus]].		See also the [[Music 253/CS 275a Syllabus]].

	__TOC__		__TOC__

Esfield at 01:30, 3 January 2014

2014-01-03T01:30:59Z

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	See also the [[Music 253/CS 275a Winter ~~2013~~ Syllabus]].		See also the [[Music 253/CS 275a Winter 2014 Syllabus]].

	__TOC__		__TOC__